‏‎applications such as high definition viedeo reproduction, portable computers, wireless, and multimedia demand, and ever-increasing need for ligh-frequency high-resolution and low-power analog-to-digital converters. flash, two-step flash, and pipeline convertors are fast but consume large amount of power and require large area. to overcome these problems, successive approximation converter blo...

In this paper, we have utilized a time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model in order to examine the structural changes in the transmission mechanisms of oil price shocks in the global crude oil market over the period of 1985-2016. In this setting, the contemporaneous response of real oil price and crude oil production to flow oil supply shock, flow oil demand shock, and speculative dem...

This paper tries to model the electricity demand in Iran’s industrial sector which captures economic factors and also non-economic exogenous factors. The structural time series model (STSM) approach is employed which allows using economic theory and time series flexibility. In this approach the role of UEDT (Underlying Energy Demand Trend) including technological improvement and structural chan...

This paper tries to demonstrate the importance of non-economic exogenous factors (Underlying Energy Demand Trend) when we estimate the industrial energy demand for Iran. The Structural Time Series Model (STSM) approach is used to model these unobservable factors. The Kalman filter and Maximum Likelihood methods allow us to estimate the value of the UEDT. This approach enables us to obtain more ...

This paper aims to model total electricity demand (incremental) in order to estimate price and income elasticities using provincial data and the spatial panel data method. Electricity demand at the province level is influenced by climatic zones, which can be divided into temperate, cold and sub-tropical. This paper uses time series data for electricity demand in Iran’s 28 provinces, taking into...

Objective: The demand structure for five commodity groups including foods and drinks, clothing, housing, health and recreation, and educational services was analyzed based on the time series data of the household consumption expenditures during period 1966-2007. Method: A linear approximation of almost ideal demand system (LA/AIDS) was estimated by SURE method in order to obtain demand fun...

Religious tourism  is very important either in Iran and in the international level. In this study dynamic linear almost ideal demand system and formulas of price and income elasticity were applied to estimate demand for religious trips. To this end, micro data of household budget prepared by Census center of Iran for 1991-2011 has been applied in this study. According to the results, inco...

Oil price wild fluctuations impact the economies of developing countries as well as those of developed ones. Focusing on OPEC’s political risks as a proxy of precautionary demand, this study aims to disentangle oil price factors using an SVAR approach for 1994Q1 to 2016Q4. We disentangled oil price shocks into political risks, supplies, global demand for industrial goods and other oil price sho...