This study aimed to economic evaluation of ostrich production in Sistan region by the use fuzzy conception in five platforms including (1 bird, 30 birds, 50 birds, 100 birds and 200 birds). The result showed that amount of benefit cost for 30, 50, 100 and 200 was 0.20, 0.26, 0.30, 0.31 and present value was 105, 549, 1460, 2927 million rials. According to the results obtained from present value...

Three dedicated approaches to the calculation of the risk-adjusted net present value (rNPV) in drug discovery projects under different assumptions are suggested. The probability of finding a candidate drug suitable for clinical development and the time to the initiation of the clinical development is assumed to be flexible in contrast to the previously used models. The rNPV of the post-discover...

In most practical cases, it is impossible to find an explicit expression for the distribution function of the present value of a sequence of cashflows that are discounted using a stochastic return process. In this article, the authors present an easily computable approximation for this distribution function. The approximation is a distribution function which is, in the sense of convex order, an...

When countries attempt to stabilize annual inflation rates that are greater than 40 percent, the domestic stock market appreciates by 24 percent on average. The present value of the long-run benefits to shareholders of reducing high inflation outweighs the present value of the short-run costs. In contrast, the average market response is economically weak and statistically insignificant if the p...

Interaction Value Analysis is a modeling methodology originally intended to illustrate how full connectivity between members of an organization affects the shape of the organization. Technology is already transforming workplaces into fully-connected networks by providing instant access, subject only to the availability of the communication participants, as well as perfect knowledge of the abili...

The present value model says that an asset's price equals the sum of current and future discounted expected future payoffs from ownership of the asset. I explore the limits of the present value model by testing its ability to explain the pricing of storable commodities. For commodities the payoff stream is the convenience yield that accrues from holding inventories, and it can be measured direc...

The aim of this paper is to apply the method proposed by Denuit, Genest and Marceau (1999) for deriving stochastic upper and lower bounds on the present value of a sequence of cash flows, where the discounting is performed under a given stochastic return process. The convex approximation provided by Goovaerts, Dhaene and De Schepper (2000) and Goovaerts and Dhaene (1999) is then compared to the...

Despite the increasing popularity of the concept of ‘public value’ within both academic and practice settings, there has to date been no formal review of the literature on its provenance, empirical basis, and application. This paper seeks to fill this gap. It provides a critical introduction to public value and its conceptual development before presenting the main elements of the published lite...

Decision making has always been a difficult process, based on various combinations if objectivity (when scientific tools were used) and subjectivity (considering that decisions are finally made by people, with their strengths and weaknesses). The IT revolution has also reached the areas of management and decision making, helping managers make better and more informed decisions by providing them...