Muriel Wheldale Onslow studied flowers in England with genetic and biochemical techniques in the early twentieth century. Working with geneticist William Bateson [4], Onslow used Mendelian principles and biochemical analysis together to understand the inheritance of flower colors at the beginning of the twentieth century. Onslow's study of snapdragons, or Antirrhinum majus [5], resulted in her ...

Purkyn6's contribution to physiology. Relations of structure and function. Rise of experimental physiology and beginnings of physiological institutes. Further evolution of topics studied by Purkyne up to recent times. It is with great regret that we record the death of Sir Arthur MacNalty, at the age of 88, on 17 April 1969. Sir Arthur was for some years a member of this journal's Editorial Boa...

We investigate the role of industrial structure in labor productivity growth in U.S. cities between 1880 and 1930 using a new dataset constructed from the Census of Manufactures. We find that increases in specialization were associated with faster productivity growth but that diversity only had positive effects on productivity performance in large cities. We interpret our results as providing s...

The investigation of the type series of Oulema septentrionis (Weise, 1880) and Oulema erichsonii (Suffrian, 1841) using Micro-computed X-ray tomography (µCT) revealed that neither species is a melanic variant of Oulema melanopus (Linnaeus, 1758) as has been suggested previously. Lectotypes of Oulema septentrionis (Weise, 1880) and Oulema erichsonii (Suffrian, 1841) are designated based on the s...

We introduce a new methodology for measuring the production tasks undertaken within occupations. We use this methodology to provide the first evidence on the evolution of production tasks in urban and rural areas in the United States from 1880-2000. We find that tasks involving thought, communication and intersocial activity (“interactiveness”) were more concentrated in densely-populated areas ...

Megaderus is reinstated and attributed to Germar, 1824 and not to Rafinesque, 1815 or Dejean, 1821; Neomegaderus Monn6, 2006 is an unnecessary replacement name; Purpuricenus brasiliensis Schaufuss, 1871 is a synonym of Eriphus purpuratus Chevrolat, 1862; Panchylissus Waterhouse, 1880 is a synonym of Galissus Dupont, 1840 and G rubiventris Martins & Galileo, 2010 a synonym of G. cyaneipennis (Wa...

Using historical census and survey data, Long and Ferrie (forthcoming) found a significant decline in social mobility in the United States from 1880 to 1973. We present two critiques of the Long-Ferrie study. First, the data quality of the Long-Ferrie study is more limiting than the authors acknowledge. Second, and more critically, they applied a method ill-suited for measuring social mobility ...

Phylogenetic relationships in the Gentianales with focus on Loganiaceae sensu lato are evaluated using parsimony analyses of nucleotide sequence data from the plastid genes rbcL and ndhF. Inter- and intrafamilial relationships in the Gentianales, which consist of the families Apocynaceae (including Asclepiadaceae), Gelsemiaceae, Gentianaceae, Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae, are studied and receive ...

Abstract We find that maximal decadal Northern Hemisphere warming increases as rapidly before after the industrial revolution (0.86 °C decade −1 1880 and 0.60–0.68 1880). However, whereas number of periods with large increase decrease rates were about equal (267 vs. 273), there are more high (35) than (9). The same patterns hold for bi-decadal rates. time windows greater 20 years, slope in glob...