This article presents our view of why machine learning (ML) has not been able to find its way commercial products in the field protection. All methods we have reviewed literature essentially propose some ML-based technique replace a legacy protection scheme. The results are substantiated by training and testing ML models through simulated data. Legacy methods, on other hand, developed using mat...

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods in power system protection has been addressed in this paper. Particular emphasis has been put on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL). Several novel concepts have been introduced including ANN application to CT and CVT transients correction, fuzzy criteria signals, fuzzy settings and multi-criteria decision making for digi...

Synchronized wide area communication has become a mature technology, which makes the real-time interaction between the substations and the wide area protection and control system possible. However, the present protection and control system to handle this real-time data has been recognized to be deficient. This paper begins by reviewing the development history of power system protection, with sp...

Power cable is widely used in Extra High Voltage (EHV), High Voltage (HV) transmission, Medium Voltage (MV) sub-transmission, and MV / Low Voltage (LV) distribution applications. Basically, the protection principles used for cable are similar with the ones for overhead transmission line. However, the inherent characteristics of cables make its fault behavior more complicate than that of transmi...