Cosmic shear is one of the most powerful probes Dark Energy, targeted by several current and future galaxy surveys. Lensing shear, however, only sampled at positions galaxies with measured shapes in catalog, making its associated sky window function complicated amongst all projected cosmological inhomogeneities, as well giving rise to inhomogeneous noise. Partly for this reason, cosmic analyses...

here, we propose an optical filter and an optical power splitter based on two-dimensionalphotonic crystal all circular ring resonators. these structures are made of a square lattice ofsilicon rods with the refractive index n1=3.464 surrounded by air (with refractive indexn2=1). first, we have designed the filter and by using that, we designed a power splitter. thetransmission efficiency and qua...