Emission of nitrogen in the form of ammonia from poultry rearing facilities has been an important topic for the poultry industry because of concerns regarding the effects of ammonia on the environment. Sound scientific data is needed to accurately estimate air emissions from poultry operations. Many factors, such as season of the year, ambient temperature and humidity, bird health, and manageme...

Unlike most world areas of massive poultry exploitation, Infectious Bronchitis in New Zealand has not been a threat for broilers or younger birds in rearing. The nature of the local strain of Infectious Bronchitis virus (IBV) has not shown to be as virulent as the classic or variant strains that constantly ravage the poultry industry of North and Latin America, Europe and Asia. No mortality has...

As consumers and society in general become more aware of ethical and moral dilemmas associated with intensive rearing systems, pressure is put on the animal and poultry industries to adopt alternative forms of housing. This presents challenges especially regarding managing competitive social interactions between animals. However, selective breeding programs are rapidly advancing, enhanced by bo...

The avian respiratory system hosts a wide range of commensal and potential pathogenic bacteria and/or viruses that interact with each other. Such interactions could be either synergistic or antagonistic, which subsequently determines the severity of the disease complex. The intensive rearing methods of poultry are responsible for the marked increase in avian respiratory diseases worldwide. The ...

D espite the attention being paid to avian influenza and its potential to cause a pandemic among humans, the threat of avian diseases extends well beyond the influenza virus. Of particular interest to poultry producers are foodborne infectious bacteria such as Salmonella and Campylobacter spp., as well as several viruses, including those responsible for causing Exotic Newcastle Disease, avian l...

Reports and guidelines produced by international institutions such as the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE, 2005) describe various methods of killing nonhuman animals. Selection and implementation of a killing method may involve several factors. Preventing or minimizing risk to human health and safety may override animal welfare concerns if the disease has the potential to cause high m...

the poultry slaughter processing in abattoirs may result in carcass contamination with different pathogens. this survey was carried out to evaluate the slaughtering process effects on hygienic status of poultry carcass slaughtered in hamedan industrial abattoir. for this purpose, samples were taken from breast skin surface with swab and template randomly. therefore, counting of total aerobic pl...

Animal and poultry manures have been recognized for centuries as organic fertilizers providing essential nutrients to crops and improving soil structure due to their large input of organic matter. Increasing demand for poultry and egg products has led to intensification of the poultry rearing process, resulting in large amounts of poultry manure. Drying can be used to reduce the environmental i...