thimerosal, which is approximately 50% mercury by weight is a preservative widely used in vaccines since the 1930’s. it meets the requirements for a preservative as set forth by pharmacopeia challenge test and has been shown to be effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. in july 1999, the public health service agencies and vaccine manufacturers agreed that thimerosal should be reduced o...

stability studies play a critical role in assuring product quality at all points in the vaccine life cycle and havea major impact on the success of immunization programs worldwide. the purpose of stability study isdetermination of the vaccine quality under the variety of environmental factors and to establish a re-testperiod or a shelf life and recommended storage conditions. in this study thre...

this study focused on the effect of teaching collocations on the awareness of two affective dimensions, evaluation and potency dimensions, of deep vocabulary knowledge as well as the general vocabulary knowledge of efl students. sixty intermediate efl female adult learners participated in this study; they were chosen among 90 students through the pet and a general vocabulary knowledge test. the...

background whooping cough is caused by bordetella pertussis, and it remains a public health concern. whole-cell pertussis vaccines have been commonly employed for expanded immunization. there is no doubt of the efficacy of whole cell pertussis vaccine, but it is necessary to improve the vaccine to decrease its toxicity. objectives in this study, an inactivation process of dealing with pertussis...

Counterfactual thoughts typically take the form of implied or explicit if-then statements. We propose that the multiplicative combination of "if likelihood" (the degree to which the antecedent condition of the counterfactual is perceived to be likely) and "then likelihood" (the perceived conditional likelihood of the outcome of the counterfactual, given the antecedent condition) determine the s...

Shotgun proteomics using mass spectrometry is a powerful method for protein identification but suffers limited sensitivity in complex samples. Integrating peptide identifications from multiple database search engines is a promising strategy to increase the number of peptide identifications and reduce the volume of unassigned tandem mass spectra. Existing methods pool statistical significance sc...

We attempted to determine the number of sperm cells required for genotyping of one microsatellite marker. The crude genomic DNA extracted from about 760 or more sperm cells gave sufficient quantity of PCR product using a 20 microl-scale PCR. We also studied the effects of non-ionic detergents on extraction of crude sperm genomic DNA. PCR products amplified with the crude sperm genomic DNA extra...