background: müllerian anomalies are associated with infertility. hysteroscopy as the gold standard for evaluating müllerian anomalies is an invasive, expensive and risky procedure which requires enough experience. transvaginal sonography (tvs) and hysterosalpingography (hsg) are less invasive procedures, but there is little known about the accuracy of these tests. the aim of this study was to e...

Background: Müllerian anomalies are associated with infertility. Hysteroscopy as the gold standard for evaluating Müllerian anomalies is an invasive, expensive and risky procedure which requires enough experience. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) and hysterosalpingography (HSG) are less invasive procedures, but there is little known about the accuracy of these tests. The aim of this stud...

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. If left untreated, ID will lead to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and other irreversible consequences. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommended reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-He) as an alternative laboratory examination to screen and detect ID. We aimed to compare Ret-He with other laboratory pa...

Background & Objective:  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transient state between normal condition and dementia. Available data indicates that coronary artery diseases (CAD) may increase the risk of MCI. Hence, the early detection of MCI can prevent the progression of cognitive decline. Materials & Methods:  A sample of 65 subjects with degrees of CAD was enrolled to the study. For cogniti...

We argued recently that the positive predictive value (PPV) and the negative predictive value (NPV) are valuable metrics to include during null hypothesis significance testing: They inform the researcher about the probability of statistically significant and non-significant test outcomes actually being true. Although commonly misunderstood, a reported p value estimates only the probability of o...

Background: Disease prevalence is rarely explicitly considered in the early stages of the development of novel prognostic tests. Rather, researchers use the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) as the key metric to gauge and report predictive performance ability. Because this statistic does not account for disease prevalence, proposed tests may not appropriately address clin...

BACKGROUND Routine measurement of serum calcitonin to detect medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) continues to be fiercely debated, although less attention has been paid to the positive predictive value (PPV) of this method. METHODS We collected data from 959 patients with nontoxic nodular goiter; thyroidectomy was performed in 307 of these patients. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients had elevated s...

INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to investigate the evidence for positive predictive value (PPV) of alarm symptoms and combinations of symptoms for colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and lung cancer in general practice. METHODS This study is based on a literature search performed in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane database and at ClinicalTrials.gov in accordance with t...

The second observation was the error made in calculating the positive predictive value. By deÞ nition, positive predictive value is “the probability that a person actually has the disease given that he or she tests positive”.[2] In the paper under discussion, the disease was represented by VZV ELISA positives (as the gold standard) and the test was represented by “recalled history of chicken po...