Ash dieback (Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) is a fungal disease which affects ash throughout Sweden. Monitoring to study of the impact on veteran trees was undertaken in southwest Sweden 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2020. The found that 94.5% observed were affected by 2020 compared with 62% 2009. 70 studied have died (21%) since monitoring began. In 2009 there no relationship between girth dieback, bu...

Forests of the Mediterranean Basin provide a wide range provisioning and regulating services that are currently jeopardised by land-use change. Although many ecosystem mediated insects, most studies have focused on how to enhance diversity in traditionally managed forests about plants vertebrates. Quercus pyrenaica woodlands Western Iberian Peninsula constitute scenario which traditional human ...

National Forests and Water Guidelines require the establishment of riparian buffers to help protect the freshwater environment from disturbance by silvicultural operations on the adjacent land. The main functions of the riparian buffer are considered to be sediment removal and erosion control, protection of water quality, moderation of shade and water temperature, maintenance of habitat structu...

Decaying wood habitats are rare in Europe because of centuries of forestry and agricultural practices. Where there has been continuous woodland cover and within it an unbroken presence of old trees, the decaying wood communities are exceptional. The main woodland management systems operating in Europe are explained and how they influence the decaying wood component and associated wildlife. Prio...