in democratic governments, major basis of political power is people intention, and government is manifestation of national intention, and it's legitimacy is caused of public intention and will. in democratic governments, is applied political power through active political participation, that base on various political institutions of society is setting by public opinion and under people sup...

The crisis of the Eurozone has severely tested the political authority of the European Union (EU). Questions of normative legitimacy are raised by the crisis, both because the EU in general is a normative order and because the construction of economic and monetary union rested upon an explicit normative theory that stressed the importance of the depoliticisation of money. However, this theory n...

The paper consists of two parts. The first part deals with the normative legitimacy of political communities, such as states and confederations, in general, i.e. their acceptability in light of reasonable standards of efficiency, common good, and justice from the viewpoints of their members on the one hand (internal legitimacy) and their social surroundings on the other (external legitimacy). T...

the political democracies have the different functions that some of them, like governmental change and legitimacy provision of political system are apparent. the mentioned phenomenon furthermore on direction of regime endure has also latent function. so this paper argues that political democracies have a preventive role concerning emergence of political revolutions and violent change of authori...

This paper provides a new treatment of the problem of group action and political protest. It has two aims (a) to model resistance against state policies as a threshold public good, and (b) to consider legitimacy in terms of how legitimacy considerations affect choice. Experimental evidence suggests that the level of resistance depends on whether the sovereign is legitimated: high claims are rej...

This article presents a quantitative measurement of the political legitimacy of states in the late 1990s and early 2000s for 72 states containing 5.1 billion people, or 83 per cent of the world’s population. First, the concept of state legitimacy is defined and justified. The definition includes the subjects, objects and sub-types of legitimacy. A strategy to achieve replicable cross-national m...

The ultimate success of the reconquista (the reconquering of Muslim lands in the Iberian Peninsula from 718-1492) and the ensuing consolidation of Spain beneath the joint rule of Ferdinand and Isabel helped define the course of western civilization. This paper uses the unique institutional organization of Muslim rulers in Iberia to explain the fall of Muslim power in the Peninsula. Through vast...