Thermal poling, a technique to introduce effective second-order nonlinearities in silica optical fibers, has found widespread applications in frequency conversion, electro-optic modulation, switching and polarization-entangled photon pair generation. Since its first demonstration around 25 years ago, studies into thermal poling were primarily based on anode-cathode electrode configurations. How...

We present studies of the formation silver nanoparticles (NPs) in silver-sodium ion-exchanged glasses by a combination thermal poling and nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation at 355 nm. In poling, ions drift deeper into glass become separated from surface poled layer depleted cations. Performed measurements have indicated poling-induced broadening depth distribution. Laser reduces to atomic via ...

Thermal poling of soda-lime glass which was doped with spherical or ellipsoidal silver nanoparticles has revealed what we believe to be a phenomenon of general interest in the physics of nanocomposite materials: The field-assisted dissolution of metal nanoparticles embedded in glass. Macroscopically, this phenomenon manifested itself as poling-assisted bleaching of the glass in the sense that t...

A model for the piezoelectric and pyroelectric activities of 0–3 composites of ferroelectric particles in a linear matrix has been developed based on the polarization behavior of the inclusions. The model is applied to simulate the piezoelectric activity of a lead zirconate titanate/epoxy system polarized under different fields and the piezoand the pyroelectric properties of lead titanate/ poly...

Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) is difficult to pole because of the combination of its high coercive field and high electrical conductivity. This problem is particularly pronounced in thick films. The poling, however, must be performed to achieve a large macroscopic piezoelectric response. This study presents evidence of a prominent and reproducible self-poling effect in few-tens-of-micrometer-thick B...

Substantial inter-individual variations in exercise economy exist even in highly trained endurance athletes. The variation is believed to be determined partly by intrinsic factors. Therefore, in the present study, we compared exercise economy in V2-skating, double poling, and uphill running. Ten highly trained male cross-country skiers (23 ± 3 years, 180 ± 6 cm, 75 ± 8 kg, VO2peak running: 76.3...

distortion of the ideal domain shape and size thus making fabrication of fine domains challenging [3]. Poling inhibition (PI) induced by UV laser irradiation [6, 7] in congruent (CLN) and MgO-doped LN can overcome the limitation of EFP by reducing the aspect ratio of the inverted domains allowing for the fabrication of finer domain structures. This method is capable of producing domains with a ...

The assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) thresholds (HRVTs) as an alternative of Ventilatory thresholds (VTs) is a relatively new approach with increasing popularity which has not been conducted in cross-country (XC) skiing yet. The main purpose of the present study was to assess HRVTs in the five main XC skiing-related techniques, double poling (DP), diagonal striding (DS), Nordic walkin...

PURPOSE This study aimed (1) to determine whether paced breathing (synchronization of the expiration phase with poling time) would reduce the metabolic rate and dictate a lower rate of perceived exertion (RPE) than does spontaneous breathing and (2) to analyze the effects of paced breathing on poling forces and stride-mechanics organization during roller-ski skating exercises. METHODS Thirtee...