Decentralisation continues to re-appear in health system reform across the world. Evaluation of these reforms reveals how research on decentralisation continues to evolve. In this paper, we examine the theoretical foundations and empirical references which underpin current approaches to studying decentralisation in health systems.

the non-definite multi-attribute decision making problem is the further expansion of research to the traditional multi-attribute decision making problem. In the actual decision-making, because of policy-making question's complexity, decision-making information acquisition costs and other reasons, the decision information which the policy-maker can obtain are mostly ambiguous, so in the real lif...

Incorporating evidence is fundamental to maintaining the general acceptance and efficiency in public policies. In Pakistan, different actors-local and global-strive to facilitate the development of evidence-informed health policies. Effective involvement however, requires knowledge of the country-context, i.e. knowing the intricacies of how policies are formulated in Pakistan. Obtaining this kn...

in this article, decisions about price and stock allocation for a seller with multiple customer classes are analyzed. with each customer arrival, the seller needs to decide about accepting or rejecting the customer’s demand by considering the stock on hand. in the case of acceptance, one needs to decide about the selling price. after any change in the inventory level, decision about continuing ...

Background Policy-making can be described as a complex decisionmaking process involving different actors engaged in negotiating their interests [1] and promoting different types of evidence. Policy informed by research evidence is widely seen as a good thing. However Monaghan [2] indicated that ‘Policy-makers may fish for evidence, select the beneficial bits and throw back those that are un-req...

Policy capacity focuses on the managerial and organizational abilities to inform policy decisions with sound research and analysis, and facilitate policy implementation with operational efficiency. It stems from a view of the policy process that is rational and positivistic, in which optimal policy choices can be identified, selected, and implemented with objectivity. By itself, however, policy...