Meiotic errors during oocyte maturation are considered the major contributors to embryonic aneuploidy and failures in human IVF treatment. Various technologies have been developed to screen polar bodies, blastomeres and trophectoderm cells for chromosomal aberrations. Array-CGH analysis using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) arrays is widely applied for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (P...

Formation scenarios for polar ring galaxies are studied through N-body simulations that are compared with existing observations. It is shown that polar rings are likely to be formed by tidal accretion of the polar material from a gas rich donor galaxy. The distribution of dark matter in polar ring galaxies is studied: dark halos seem to be flattened towards the polar rings.

The localization of maternal mRNAs during oogenesis plays a central role in axial specification in some insects. Here we describe a polar body-associated asymmetry in maternal transcript distribution in pre-blastoderm eggs of the beetle Tribolium castaneum. Since the position of the polar body marks the future dorsal side of the embryo, we have investigated whether this asymmetry in mRNA distri...

Fundamental interactions between particles, such as the Coulomb law, involve pairs of particles, and our understanding of the plethora of phenomena in condensed-matter physics rests on models involving effective two-body interactions. On the other hand, exotic quantum phases, such as topological phases or spin liquids, are often identified as ground states of hamiltonians with threeor more-body...

The second polar body, extruded from the egg at the time of fertilization, is in principle capable of reactivation, as shown by its successful reincorporation into the egg, for example as a result of hypotonic treatment (Opas, 1977). Efforts to produce chromosome preparations from the second polar body have so far, however, been unsuccessful: during normal development, if it divides at all it d...

In the first polar lobe of the egg of Bithynia tentaculata a cup-shaped mass of small vesicles is described, which fills the greater part of the lobe. It is named the 'vegetal body'. With methyl green-pyronin the vegetal body stains clearly, but after treatment with RNase no staining occurs, thus indicating the presence of RNA. The first polar lobe of Bithynia is of great importance for further...

we present observation of polar coronal hole plumes with foot point jets that shows evidence of longitudinal acceleration. the series of event, occurring in the north coronal hole on 10 july 2010, was observed by the aia telescopes of the solar dynamic observatory (sdo mission) in the euv lines, with unprecedented details. the structures along the plume show a propagating outward velocity of ab...

In cylindrical continua, hoop stresses are induced due to the circumferential failure. This mainly happens when the cylinder is subjected to mechanical loads which vary in the circumferential directions. On the other hand, radial stress is stress in the direction of or opposite to the central axis of a cylindrical body. In the present study, the influence of curvilinear anisotropy on the radial...

BACKGROUND The biopsy of both polar bodies and a blastomere from the same embryo was investigated as an approach aimed at increasing the quantity of DNA available for genetic analysis in preimplantation embryos. METHODS In 113 cycles, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was performed for aneuploidy: 19 cycles underwent polar body biopsy, 32 cycles had both polar body and blastomere biopsy...

Oogenesis is a conserved process that requires gene transcription and storage of RNA for development until the embryonic genome is activated (Evsikov andEviskov, 2009). Analysis of oocyte mRNA profiles detected in polar bodies may allow evaluationof geneexpression in single oocyteswithout destroying the cell. Here we demonstrate the detection of such oocyte mRNA in its sibling polar body. We bi...