A 79-year-old male presented to the emergency department after a facial trauma because of a mechanical fall 3 h prior with no history of loss of consciousness. The patient had Parkinson’s disease and atrial fibrillation (AF), and was on treatment with acetylsalicylic acid for AF. The family reported that he was dependent for all basic daily activities and had mild cognitive deterioration. Physi...

INTRODUCTION Spontaneous pneumocephalus without any pathological condition is very rare. We described a patient with spontaneous pneumocephalus probably arising from the relatively enlarged air-filling sphenoid sinus. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old woman admitted Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran with a sudden onset of severe headache and nausea without any neurological deficit. Brain comput...

Pneumocephalus has been reported after posterior fossa surgery especially with procedures performed in the sitting position. The gravitational effect is the decisive factor in the development of pneumocephalus. The entrapped air in the aqueduct may enlarge due to several factors such as elevated body temperature and may cause to deterioration in neurological status. We report a rare case of ten...

Tension pneumocephalus occurs when a continuous flow of air accumulates in the intracranial cavity and produces a mass effect on the brain. We describe a case in which tension pneumocephalus was caused by the performance of continuous lumbar CSF drainage in a middle-aged man who had experienced a temporal bone fracture. Continuous lumbar CSF drainage is commonly performed in patients with tempo...

Several complications are possible after a lumbar epidural block. However pneumocephalus are rare. In this case, we report a case of pneumocephalus. A 68-year-old male patient received lumbar epidural block with the loss of resistance technique using air, and after 35 minutes, apnea, unconsciousness, hypotension, and bradycardia occurred. Immediately, brain CT was done, and we found pneumocepha...

examination was normal. An arterial blood gas showed respiratory alkalosis with pH 7.51, PCO2 3.2 kPa, PO2 20 kPa, and HCO3 20.4. A repeat brain CT with bone window showed right frontal pneumocephalus and a large defect near the cribriform plate on the right side (Fig. 1C).The pneumocephalus was managed with supportive care and the patient was discharged on posttrauma day 27. Recurrent pneumoce...

Pneumocephalus is a common occurrence after cranial surgery, with patients typically remaining asymptomatic from a moderate amount of intracranial air. Postsurgical pneumocephalus rarely causes focal neurological deficits; furthermore, cranial neuropathy from postsurgical pneumocephalus is exceedingly uncommon. Only 3 cases have been previously reported that describe direct cranial nerve compre...

Pneumocephalus is defined as "the presence of air or gas within the cranial cavity" [1] , but no distinction is made between localized and diffuse gas collections . We report a case of diffuse pneumocephalus caused by the gas-forming organism Clostridium perfringens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of diffuse pneumocephalus associated with Clostridium meningitis an...

Pneumocephalus is commonly seen after craniofacial injury. The pathogenesis of pneumocephalus has been debated as to whether it was caused by ball valve effect or combined episodic increased pressure within the nasopharynx on coughing. Discontinuous exchange of air and cerebrospinal fluid due to "inverted bottle" effect is assumed to be the cause of it. Delayed tension pneumocephalus is not com...

Objective Pneumocephalus is a rare complication that often occurs after traumatic skull base injury, leading to morbidity and mortality. Material and Method We present the case of a 42-year-old healthy man who injured himself when he stuck a metal stick into his left nasal cavity to relieve prolonged nasal obstruction. Immediate cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and subsequent meningitis and pne...