Abstract This article is concerned with a general class of stochastic spatial models for the dynamics of opinions. Like in the voter model, individuals are located on the vertex set of a connected graph and update their opinion at a constant rate based on the opinion of their neighbors. However, unlike in the voter model, the set of opinions is represented by the set of vertices of another conn...

This article is a brief review of Ibn Sīnā’s practical philosophy. It begins with a discussion of the Platonic, Aristotelian, and Neo-Platonic influences on Ibn Sīnā’s practical philosophy, as well as the influence of Fārābī and of Islamic religious teachings. The creative synthesis invented by Ibn Sīnā requires a particular view of the relation between religion and philosophy in such a manner ...

Platonic arguments often have premises of a particular form which is misunderstood. These sentences look like universal generalizations, but in fact involve an implicit qua phrase makes them fundamentally different kind predication. Such general redoubled predications (girqps) are not expression Plato's proprietary views; they also very common everyday discourse. Seeing how work Plato can help ...