knowledge of energyconsumption has many uses in industry. factors that are energy dependent have already been studied hence decision making on them are easier. energy demand studies of industry helps us to learn factors that are responsive to this demand. therefore planners can use these collected data in their decision making using the above factors. another use of energy demand can be used as...

the aim of this paper is to present the prediction model of the transport energy demand in iran. markov chain grey model (mcgm) is proposed to forecast the transport energy demand of iran. then it is compared with grey model (gm) and regression model. moreover, the mcgm forecasting model is used to forecast the annual gasoline demand of iran up to the year 1400. the aim of this paper is to pres...

the objectives for this study were first to understand and estimate energy consumption in each stage of production and processing of milk using regional data and second, suggesting improvement opportunities. a cradle to gate assessment of market milk was performed by separating the system into three stages: agronomy, animal farm and processing plant. data were collected from multiple sources e....

the aim of this paper is to develop a prediction model of energy demand of iran’s industrial sector. for that matter a markov chain grey model (mcgm) has been proposed to forecast such energy demand. to find the effectiveness of the proposed model, it is then compared with grey model (gm) and regression model. the comparison reveals that the mcgm model has higher precision than those of the gm ...

Four methods for determining substrate recoveries in studies concerned with the partition of substrate between sludge synthesis and respiration were investigated. An energy balance comparing chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed with the summation of oxygen uptake and the COD of the cells produced yielded average recoveries closer to 100% than any of the other three methods tested. The standard ...

in this paper, the mean value of strain energy density criterion has been used to predict the critical fracture load in specimens with u-shaped notch under bending loads. an equation for calculation of averaged strain energy density in this zone has been presented. bending loads under mode i have been considered. two cases have been studied: 1) the control volume only includes the semicircular ...

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are emerging as promising technology for the treatment of wastewaters. The potential energy conversion efficiencies are examined. The rates of energy recovery (W/m3 reactor) are reviewed and evaluated. Some recent data relating to potato-processing wastewaters and a hospital wastewater effluent are reported. Finally, a set of process configurations in which MFCs coul...

This study presents an optimal framework for the operation of integrated energy systems using demand response programs. The main goal of integrated energy systems is to optimally supply various demands using different energy carriers such as electricity, heating, and cooling. Considering the power market price, this work investigates the effects of multiple energy storage devices and demand res...