Central nervous system-derived adrenomedullin (AM) has been shown to be a physiological regulator of thirst. Administration of AM into the lateral ventricle of the brain attenuated water intake, whereas a decrease in endogenous AM, induced by an AM-specific ribozyme, led to exaggerated water intake. We hypothesized that central AM may control fluid homeostasis, in part by regulating plasma argi...

Background: Hypovolemic shock is a clinical syndrome of inadequate tissue perfusion; it results in decreased supply oxygen and nutrients to cells leading widespread cellular necrosis, multiple organ dysfunction failure then death. The importance educational guidelines for nurses are descriptions what nurses expected know be able do at specific stage their work on patients with hypovolem...

To gain better insights into the effect of dehydration on thermal and cardiovascular regulation during hyperthermia, we examined these regulatory responses during body heating in rats under isosmotic hypovolemia and hyperosmotic hypovolemia. Rats were divided into four groups: normovolemic and isosmotic (C), hypovolemic and isosmotic [L, plasma volume loss (ΔPV) = -20% of control], hypovolemic ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and pathogenetic mechanisms of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed the medical records of patients with POTS seen at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, from January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2003. All patients were required to have had a full autonomic reflex screen. The results of the following additiona...

Hypertonic solutions have been studied extensively in the treatment of hypovolemic shock, both in experimental and clinical models. Safety, efficacy, and long-term effects on animals and patients have been evaluated. The present article reviews indications, safety, mortality rates, and outcome in patients with hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock who were treated after admission with a hypertonic/hype...

BACKGROUND Peripheral hematocrit (pHct) is traditionally used as a marker for blood loss. In critically ill patients who are fluid resuscitated, pHct may not adequately represent red blood cell volume (RBCV). We hypothesize that the use of pHct alone may overestimate anemia, potentially leading to unnecessary interventions. METHODS Patients admitted to the intensive care unit underwent blood ...

This prospective study was conducted to determine the frequency, etiology, type and outcome of shock in hospitalized children in the age group of 1 month to 15 years. There were 98 cases of shock, constituting 4.3% out of total admissions. Mean age was 2.8 +/-3.4 years. Maximum number of patients (39) was seen in infancy. Hypovolemic shock due to acute diarrheal disease was the commonest type (...

We tested the hypothesis that women have blunted sympathetic neural responses to orthostatic stress compared with men, which may be elicited under hypovolemic conditions. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and hemodynamics were measured in eight healthy young women and seven men in supine position and during 6 min of 60 degrees head-up tilt (HUT) under normovolemic and hypovolemic conditi...

Acute hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in trauma, and women are more susceptible to hypovolemic circulatory stress than men. The mechanisms underlying the susceptibility are not clear, however. The aim of the present study was to examine the compensatory mechanisms to defend central blood volume during experimental hypovolemia in women and men. Twenty-two women (23.1 +/- 0.4 yr) and 16 me...

vitiligo vulgaris is a pigment disorder as the lack of skin pigmentation which its most prevalent cause is autoimmune. vitamin d has various effects on the natural and acquired immune of the body because of its effectiveness on the t cells and b cells, macrophages and dendritic cells.the object of this study was assessment of the vitamin d in patients with vitiligo vulgaris in dermatologic clin...