Recognition of Microbe/Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns Plant innate immunity depends on the timely discrimination of self from nonself, which, as in animal cells, can be accomplished by membrane-anchored pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors monitor the exterior space for microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns or MAMPs (also called PAMPs) by binding to them direct...

functional response in natural enemies is affected not only by host and natural enemy characteristics but also, the application of pesticide to pest population can affected the parameters of functional response as well as efficiency of natural enemy. in this research, the side effects of two pesticides, hexaflumuron and pymetrozin and also acaricide spirodiclofen and plant extracts, caiotropis ...

this experiment was conducted in andimeshk region (north of khouzestan) to study the effects of nitrogen levels on plant characters of  two potato cultivars (solanum tuberosum l.) in identical conditions of poultry manure, in 2012-2013 crop year, as a factorial randmaized complete block design with three replications. the first factor was consisting of four nitrogen levels (0, 70,140 and 210 kg...

This is the flow of information between Plant–plant signalling Plants generate and perceive informational signals. individuals. An interaction is considered An interaction (between plants) is considered to be to be informational when it involves the informational when it involves the exchange of an exchange of an insignificant amount of matter or energy, in quantitative terms, insignificant amo...

Plant proteins with domains rich in leucine repeats play important roles detecting pathogens and triggering defense reactions, both at the cellular surface for pattern-triggered immunity cell to ensure effector-triggered immunity. As intracellular parasites, viruses are mostly detected intracellularly by a nucleotide binding site leucine-rich but receptor-like kinases repeats, known localize su...