harvester ants are known as one of the most renowned bio-disturbances in the arid and semi-arid ecosystems that affecte vegetation by collecting seeds and harvesting plants. it seems that physiognomy of plant association in steppe shrub land of roodshoor, saveh, iran has been highly changed by harvester ants’ activities that caused to conduct this research. the study was carried out on active a...

background and objectivescommon privet (ligustrum vulgare) is one of the most important plants in landscapes of iran. this plant is adaptable to unfavorable environmental conditions, so that is cultivated widespread in urban landscape. invasion of dodder to common privet caused problems for landscape management in mashhad city in recent years. dodder is an obligate parasite of many plant famili...

objective: in order to use natural compounds in controlling plant pests and diseases, many researchers in recent years have studied the antifungal effects of essential oils and plant extracts.  the purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antifungal effects of echium khuzestanium and marubbium anisodan extracts. methods: after extraction and preparation of different...

When plants are attacked by insects, volatile chemical signals can be released, not only from the damaged parts, but also systemically from other parts of the plant and this continues after cessation of feeding by the insect. These signals are perceived by olfactory sensory mechanisms in both the herbivorous insects and their parasites. Molecular structures involved can be characterized by mean...

When I was asked to act as editor for this Special Issue on plant–plant interactions, jumped at the opportunity. It seemed like a “coming-of-age” young field that has gradually coalesced from range of distinct areas and an opportunity make statement about importance interactions ecologically, agriculturally beyond. Looking back, did not realise actually jumping “into deep end,” without having l...