The presence of parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) was studied in 20 patients with pituitary adenomas and one patient with pituitary adenocarcinoma. PTHrP expression was shown in almost all of the pituitary adenomas (95%) and in 100% (n = 7) growth hormone producing pituitary adenomas. A metastatic lesion from a pituitary growth hormone producing adenocarcinoma revealed strongly expres...

Hedgehog (HH) signaling is known to be essential during the embryonal development of the pituitary gland but the knowledge about its role in the adult pituitary and in associated tumors is sparse. In this report we investigated the effect of excess Hh signaling activation in murine pituitary explants and analyzed the HH signaling status of human adenopituitary lobes and a large cohort of pituit...

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a rare congenital abnormality of the pituitary gland. It associated with either isolated growth hormone deficiency or combined (CPHD). Neonatal PSIS extremely and difficult to diagnose can be life threatening if diagnosed late. In this manuscript, we descripted case neonatal who treated at department ofPediatric Endocrinology atHassan II Universit...

Pituitary developmental defects lead to partial or complete hormone deficiency and significant health problems. The majority of cases are sporadic unknown cause. We screened 28 patients with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) for mutations in the FAT/DCHS family protocadherins that have high functional redundancy. identified seven variants, four which putatively damaging, FAT2 DCHS2 s...

By using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we have demonstrated that the nitric oxide (NO)-synthesizing enzyme NO synthase is present in gonadotrophs and in folliculo-stellate cells of the anterior pituitary gland of male and female rats. A marked increase in levels of NO synthase protein and mRNA was observed after gonadectomy. In vitro studies on dispersed anterior pituitary cel...

BACKGROUND Tetrasomy X is a rare chromosomal aneuploidy seen in girls, associated with facial dysmorphism, premature ovarian insufficiency and intellectual disability. A Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) is a remnant of Rathke's pouch which may cause multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies by exerting pressure on the pituitary gland in the sella. METHODS/RESULTS The patient was diagnosed with tetraso...

Non-tumor etiology constitutes a major group of childhood hypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging has enormously complimented hormonal assessment in these patients. We describe clinico-radiological correlates in thirty-one children (23 boys), aged 1-17 years with a peak GH (growth hormone) levels <7 ng/mL after pharmacological stimuli. Hypoplastic pituitary gland was the most frequent abnor...

OBJECTIVE Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage puts patients at high risk for the development of pituitary insufficiency. We evaluated the incidence of pituitary dysfunction in these patients and its correlation with clinical outcome. METHODS Pituitary function was tested in 66 consecutive patients in the first 15 days after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The following were measured in all...

Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD), also referred to as de Morsier syndrome, is a rare congenital condition, characterized by two of the classic triad features: midline brain abnormalities, optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) and pituitary endocrine dysfunction. We report 5 children with SOD, originally referred to be evaluated due to short stature, who also presented bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia, nystag...

The pituitary gland produces hormones that play important roles in both the development and the homeostasis of the body. A deficiency of two or several of these pituitary hormones, known as combined pituitary hormone deficiency, may present in infants or children due to an unknown etiology and is considered congenital or idiopathic. Advancements in our understanding of pituitary development hav...