An expression for the fraction of incident radiation transmitted by a right angle bend in a rectangular light pipe is derived. This expression is used to show that, in a planar light pipe structure with right angle bends, light attenuation is due only to reflection losses at the walls if the launching angle is 45 degrees .

In the past 20 years, numerous in-pipe inspection robots (IPIRs) have been designed and utilized. According to the propulsion mechanism amount, these in-pipe inspection robots (IPIRs) can be summarized into two categories, i.e. single locomotion system and multiple locomotion system. This paper presents the classic structure features and characters of the two categories of IPIRs, and furthermor...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the structure of extruded polyethylene (PE) pipe. During extrusion, the outer surface of the pipe was cooled with water. Two cross sections, parallel and transverse to the extrusion direction, were examined in order to spatially follow the structural development during extrusion. The morphology revealed was spherulitic, and the spherulites had a m...

Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to study the conformation and diffusion properties of the methanol molecules in the (8, 8) (9, 9) and (10, 10) single-walled carbon nanotubes under an ambient environment. We present the results of the radial distribution functions and the diffusion of methanol in different pipe diameters. The result shows that the methanol molecules confined inside t...

In the developing Drosophila melanogaster embryo, dorsal-ventral patterning displays an absolute requirement for the product of the essential windbeutel gene, Wind. In homozygous windbeutel mutant flies, dorsal-ventral patterning fails to initiate because of the failure of the Golgi-resident proteoglycan-modifying protein, Pipe, to exit the endoplasmic reticulum, and this leads to the death of ...

The work presents an analysis of the dynamical response of a buried pipe under seismic excitation. The pipe is assumed to be of finite length and theWinkler model to schematize soil-structure interaction is considered. With reference to the boundary conditions of end-constrained pipe the axial motions are discussed. Careful numerical integrations are performed in order to prevent undesirable os...

The paper presents a study of the deposition of submicron charged spherical particles caused by convection, Brownian and turbulent diffusion in a pipe with a smooth wall and with a cartilaginous ring wall structure. The model is supposed to describe deposition of charged particles in generation 0 (trachea) of the human respiratory airways. The flow is modeled with a SST-turbulence model combine...

A method for producing narrow-band THz radiation proposes passing an ultra-relativistic beam through a metallic pipe with small periodic corrugations. We present results of a measurement of such an arrangement at Brookhaven’s Accelerator Test Facility (ATF). Our pipe was copper and was 5 cm long; the aperture was cylindrically symmetric, with a 1 mm (radius) bore and a corrugation depth (peak-t...