abstract background: distal radial fracture is one of the most common fractures of the skeletal system. although it has been believed to be a simple fracture with excellent outcomes, practical operations’ results have always been undesirable and even poor. the goal of this study was to compare two methods of treatment “pin and plaster and precautious pin fixation in patients with unstable extra...

The digitally reconfigurable surface is a pin based mechanism for creating physical threedimensional contoured surfaces from a computer aided design (CAD) input. When the digital design is properly downloaded into the device, a pin array is collectively actuated to the desired geometry. A rubber interpolation layer is held onto the tops of the pins by vacuum pressure to prevent undesired dimpli...

Droplet charging characteristics depending on the geometry of charging electrodes have been investigated experimentally and numerically. In the experiments, two contrasting electrode systems are examined: pin-pin versus planar-planar types. To confirm the different charging behaviours on each electrode, an asymmetric system of a pin-planar type has also been examined. From the experimental and ...

The pin-based pointwise energy slowing-down method (PSM) has been refined through eliminating the approximation for using pre-tabulated collision probability during calculation. A table is generated by assuming that material composition and temperature are constant in fuel pellet (CPM). Refined PSM (PSM-CPM), which calculates isolated calculation CPM, can consider nonuniform distribution. For m...

Miniaturization of parts for technical products is an ongoing trend across all industries over the past decades. Due to large number possible applications, several billion micro are produced every year. In mass production, cold forming offers technological, economical and ecological benefits in comparison other manufacturing methods. Unfortunately, due size effects that negatively influence par...