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Although pulmonary edema has been studied as an entity by clinicians and physiologists since the time of Albertini,1 confusion about the course of events leading to the recognizable clinical signs has persisted until the present. Some of this confusion has been due to the tendency on the part of medical scientists to favor a unitary hypothesis for any phenomenon which seems to be circumscribed ...

Water homeostasis in the brain is of central physiologic and clinical importance. Neuronal activity and ion water homeostasis are inextricably coupled. For example, the clearance of K+ from areas of high neuronal activity is associated with a concomitant water flux. Furthermore, cerebral edema, a final common pathway of numerous neurologic diseases, including stroke, may rapidly become life thr...

CommunIcations to the Editor genesis ofthe pulmonary edema in this patient. Indeed, endorphins are released in stress situations and they can adversely affect physiologic systems, such as respiration and circulation.’ In the human fetus at term, plasma levels of beta-endorphins and betaLPH are inversely correlated with arterial pH and Po5 suggesting that hypoxia and secondary acidosis may be im...

Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE) is a common cause of respiratory failure that necessitates endotracheal intubation. In some patients intubation and its attendant complications can be avoided with noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Both continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and NIV have been evaluated in patients with ACPE. Compared to conventional treatment, both CPAP and NIV improve ...

• Outline the effects of increasingly higher altitudes on (1) partial pressure of oxygen in ambient air, (2) oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in pulmonary capillaries, and (3) V O2max • Describe and quantify the oxygen transport cascade at sea level and at 4300 m • Discuss immediate and longer-term physiologic adjustments to altitude exposure • Give symptoms, possible causes, and treatment for a...

Etiology By definition, the initiating etiologic factor is extensive thrombophlebitis which may occur spontaneously or following a precipitating episode such as operation, parturition, systemic infection or trauma. Classically the acute attack is accompanied by severe pain, swelling and fever. Actually the initial symptoms are frequently mild and the onset may be marked only by the insidious ap...

Aspiration of bile is an underpublicized aspiration syndrome. Using a porcine lung model, the physiologic response and the histopathology of lung tissue were evaluated after the intratracheal instillation of sublethal doses of bile. Twenty-one domestic swine (11 to 19 kg) were the studied population. Three groups of five swine were evaluated: a control group received intratracheal physiologic s...

CommunIcations to the Editor genesis ofthe pulmonary edema in this patient. Indeed, endorphins are released in stress situations and they can adversely affect physiologic systems, such as respiration and circulation.’ In the human fetus at term, plasma levels of beta-endorphins and betaLPH are inversely correlated with arterial pH and Po5 suggesting that hypoxia and secondary acidosis may be im...

Aldosterone increases the Na,K-ATPase function in renal cells involved in active Na(+) transport. Because the alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells participate in active Na(+) transport, we studied whether aldosterone regulates the Na,K-ATPase in rat AT2 cells and whether aldosterone delivered by aerosols to spontaneously breathing rats affects edema clearance in a model of isolated-perfused lungs. The A...