Image quality in diagnostic x-ray imaging is ultimately limited by the statistical properties governing how, and where, x-ray energy is deposited in a detector. This in turn depends on the physics of the underlying x-ray interactions. In the diagnostic energy range (10-100 keV), most of the energy deposited in a detector is through photoelectric interactions. We present a theoretical model of t...

Nowadays, the standard media used in clinical-scale mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) production to supply hundreds of clinical trials uses animal-derived components as supplements, which raises several health concerns. Consequently, development xeno-free supplements has emerged. In current study, effect pulse electric field (PEF) application platelet concentrates (PC) with no therapeutic value for p...

BACKGROUND Written asthma action plans based on personal best peak expiratory flow (PEF) consistently improve health outcomes, whereas those based on predicted PEF do not. Guidelines state that personal best PEF should be assessed over 2-3 weeks during good asthma control, but it is unclear how long to wait after commencing or changing treatment. METHODS Electronically recorded spirometric da...

Arterial stiffness contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, relationship between arterial and exercise tolerance in CVD patients with preserved ejection fraction (pEF) those reduced EF (rEF) is unclear. We enrolled 358 who participated cardiac rehabilitation underwent cardiopulmonary testing at Juntendo University Hospital. After excluding 195 had undergone open ...

It has recently been shown (O. F. Pedersen T. R. Rasmussen, O. Omland, T. Sigsgaard, P. H. Quanjer. and M. R. Miller. Eur. Respir. J. 9: 828-833, 1996) that the added resistance of a mini-Wright peak flowmeter decreases peak expiratory flow (PEF) by approximately 8% compared with PEF measured by a pneumotachograph. To explore the reason for this, 10 healthy men (mean age 43 yr, range 33-58 yr) ...

We have demonstrated that a single photoelectron can be trapped, stored, and its photoelectric charge detected by a source/drain channel in a transistor. The electron trap can be photoionized and repeatedly reset for the arrival of successive individual photons. This single-photoelectron transistor, operating in the l 51.3 mm telecommunication band, was demonstrated by using a window-gate doubl...

Mechanically-driven syringes used to test peak expiratory flow (PEF) meters must produce the American Thoracic Society (ATS) standard waveforms with PEF accuracy of 2%. However, gas compression within the syringe could result in significant PEF inaccuracy when testing high resistance meters. The gas compression artefact was investigated in a mechanical syringe (PWG; MH Custom Design & Mfg L.C.,...

Standardization of conditions for peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring is much more difficult in practice than for laboratory spirometry. Patients are usually asked to record PEF before medication. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prior bronchodilator use on PEF outcome measures in a clinical trial. Electronic PEF records from 43 subjects with poorly controlled asthma were ...

The ongoing pilot phase of the European Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) tests the PEF method and develops product category-specific rules (PEFCRs) for selected product categories. The goal of PEF is to address all relevant environmental impacts and the full life cycle of products is acknowledged. However, PEF faces several methodological and practical challenges. This paper presents key f...