background: finding the right word is a necessity in communication, and its evaluation has always been a challenging clinical issue, suggesting the need for valid and reliable measurements. the homophone meaning generation test (hmgt) can measure the ability to switch between verbal concepts, which is required in word retrieval. the purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the persian ve...

background: finding the right word is a necessity in communication, and its evaluation has always been a challenging clinical issue, suggesting the need for valid and reliable measurements. the homophone meaning generation test (hmgt) can measure the ability to switch between verbal concepts, which is required in word retrieval. the purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the persian ve...

INTRODUCTION A prominent view in the neuropsychological literature is that schizophrenia is particularly associated with executive dysfunction, yet in a meta-analytic review it was concluded that, relative to their general level of intellectual functioning, schizophrenics are not disproportionately impaired on a measure of this construct, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). However, verbal ...

A meta-analysis of 30 studies with 1,269 participants was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of tests of verbal fluency to the presence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). As has been found for patients with focal frontal lobe injuries (but not for patients with focal temporal lobe lesions), TBI patients were comparably impaired on tests of phonemic and semantic fluency. The phonemic fluency...

OBJECTIVE The decrease in verbal fluency in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) undergoing subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is usually assumed to reflect a frontal lobe-related cognitive dysfunction, although evidence for this is lacking. METHODS To explore its underlying mechanisms, we combined neuropsychological, psychiatric and motor assessments with an examination o...

BACKGROUND Neuropsychiatric comorbidities are frequent in Sydenham chorea. However, cognitive impairment in Sydenham chorea has not been sufficiently described. The objective of this study was to evaluate expressive and receptive language deficits in adolescents with Sydenham chorea. METHODS Twenty patients with Sydenham chorea were compared with 20 patients with rheumatic fever without chore...

A meta-analysis of 30 studies with 1,511 participants was conducted to estimate and compare the magnitude of deficits on tests of phonemic and semantic fluency for patients with Huntington's disease (HD) relative to healthy control participants. As has been found for patients with focal frontal cortical lesions (but not for patients with focal temporal cortical lesions), symptomatic HD patients...

Fluency tasks have been widely used to tap the voluntary generation of responses. The anatomical correlates of fluency tasks and their sensitivity and specificity have been hotly debated. However, investigation of the cognitive processes involved in voluntary generation of responses and whether generation is supported by a common, general process (e.g. fluid intelligence) or specific cognitive ...

BACKGROUND Deficits in lexical retrieval, present in approximately 40% of HIV+ patients, are thought to reflect disruptions to frontal-striatal functions and may worsen with immunosuppression. Coupling frontal-striatal tasks such as lexical retrieval with functional neuroimaging may help delineate the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying HIV-associated neurological dysfunction. OBJECTIVE We...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the cerebellum in the executive control of word generation using a phonemic and semantic fluency task. Phonemic fluency tasks require novel strategy to organize verbal output, and are more effortful than semantic fluency tasks. The number of category switches made between subcategories of words is a measure of mental flexibility, and is g...