Background and Objectives: Recently, photonic crystals have been considered as the basic structures for the realization of various optical devices for high speed optical communication. Methods: In this research, two dimensional photonic crystals are used for designing all optical logic gates. A photonic crystal structure with a triangular lattice is proposed for making NAND, XNOR, and OR optica...

In this work we analyze the quantum phase properties of pairs of electromagnetic field modes. Since phases differing by 2p are physically indistinguishable, we propose a general procedure to obtain the correct mod(2p) probability distributions for the phase difference. This allows us to investigate the properties of a number of phase approaches. This procedure provides deeper insight into the q...

In the traditional dual-rail signalling, setting and resetting (after a suitable delay or after completion detection) wire x0 (resp. x1) indicates binary 0 (resp. 1). For example, for a sequence of values 001, the corresponding signal transition trace will be x0+(valid 0), x0(spacer), x0+ (valid 0), x0-(spacer), x1+ (valid 1), x1(spacer). Here, the number of transitions on each wire is differen...

In this paper, we derive a probability model for interaural phase differences at individual spectrogram points. Such a model can combine observations across arbitrary time and frequency regions in a structured way and does not make any assumptions about the characteristics of the sound sources. In experiments with speech from twenty speakers in simulated reverberant environments, this probabili...

This paper proposes a new approach to subpixel registration, under local/global shifts or rotation, using the phase-difference matrix.We establish the exact relationship between the continuous and the discrete phase difference of two shifted images and show that their discrete phase difference is a 2-dimensional sawtooth signal. As a result, the exact shifts or rotations can be determined to su...