Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major problem in drug therapy and drug development. Inter-individual genetic differences can have significant roles in determining an individual’s susceptibility to ADRs. The rapid development of techniques in the area of genome analysis has put the scientific community in a power position and facilitated identification of new pharmacogenomic biomarkers that ...

The Pharmacogenetics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB; http://www.pharmgkb.org/) contains genomic, phenotype and clinical information collected from ongoing pharmacogenetic studies. Tools to browse, query, download, submit, edit and process the information are available to registered research network members. A subset of the tools is publicly available. PharmGKB currently contains over 150 genes under ...

There is considerable interindividual variation in the response to antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies. It has been proposed that this variability in drug response may be attributable to genetic variants. Thus, pharmacogenetics may help to accurately predict response to cardiovascular disease (CVD) therapies in order to maximize drug efficacy, minimize drug toxicity, and to tailor personal...

Although epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders and genetic factors are well known to play a role in response to antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment, the study of the pharmacogenetics of epilepsy has received relatively little attention and has not resulted in clinical applications to date. Our improved understanding of the pathogenesis of epilepsy and the mechanism of action ...

Pharmacogenetics has revolutionized the way in which drug metabolism was looked upon in the pre-genomic era. Today with the advent of genomics it is possible to genotype an individual. The genetic differences, which determine the disposition of a given drug in an individual, ultimately give differences in drug response. Genotyping and phenotyping tests to predict dose requirement are now increa...

.......................................................................................................................8 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE...................................................................................10 1 Pharmacogenetics ...........................................................................................................10 2 Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes.............

Prediction models are the key to individualized drug therapy. Warfarin is a typical example of where pharmacogenetics could help the individual patient by modeling the dose, based on clinical factors and genetic variation in CYP2C9 and VKORC1. Clinical studies aiming to show whether pharmacogenetic warfarin dose predictions are superior to conventional initiation of warfarin are now underway. T...

pancreatic cancer (pc) is a progressive, fatal disease with a high degree of malignancy. more than 40000 peoplediefrom this cancer annually in the united states. as a multifactorial condition, pc has a complex nature, and there are several genes and signalingpathwaysimplicated in pc pathogenesis and progression. there are diffèrent mutations in master genesincludingtumorsuppressors and oncogene...