BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical company representatives likely influence the prescribing habits and professional behaviour of physicians. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to systematically review the effects of interventions targeting practising physicians' interactions with pharmaceutical companies. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included observational studies, non-randomised controlled trials...

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect lean practices on productivity at process industries; case Hikma Pharmaceutical Company.  A quantitative approach based survey questionnaire used evaluate impact tools productivity. showed that visual management, 5S, and work standards had a significant productivity, whereas, waste reduction did not have effect. Keywords : Lean practices, ...

background and objectives: pharmaceutical expenditures are responsible for a major part of health systems’ cost. according to the who’s statistics, iran is the first among the 20 countries in the world in terms of drug consumption. the first step in controlling consumption of a particular good is to identify factor inducing the relevant demands. hence, this study aimed to identify the pattern a...

Drug has a great and crucial role inboth the health systems and the quality of life, and thereforeits shortage can cause death.In order to the important role of drugs,pharmaceutical supply chain(PSC) shouldensure that drugs are delivered to people in the right time with the best quality.On the other hand, thesupply chain (SC) members depend on each other for resources and information, and it ha...

due to the limited availability of effective pharmaceutical products and serious side effects of the available therapy for leishmaniasis, search for useful medicinal plants is necessary. previous studies reported preventative effect of echinacea against leishmania infections through immunologic stimulation. here we tested concentrated ethanolic extract of the root of echinacea purpurea prepared...

as global competition intensifies, research and development (r & d) organizations need to enhance their strategic management in order to become goal-directed communities for innovation and allocate their resources consistent with their overall r & d strategy. the world pharmaceutical market has undergone fast, unprecedented, tremendous and complex changes in the last several years. the pharmace...

BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical representative visits are believed to have substantial impact, but the effects on prescribing patterns have not been systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE This study investigates how pharmaceutical sales representative visits influenced physicians' company-specific drug preferences and prevalence of steroid prescribing. METHODS Observational cohort study in Funen Cou...