Littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) is one of the most common and troublesome weeds infesting wheat crop in India. Repeated use during the last two decades of the ACCase-inhibiting herbicide (clodinafop) to control this weed has resulted in the occurrence of resistance. Fifty-three P. minor populations were collected from wheat fields in Haryana and Punjab states of India. The dose-re...

The Phalaris genus includes annual weed species such as short-spiked canarygrass (Phalaris brachystachys Link.), little-seed minor Retz.) and hood paradoxa L.), which are especially problematic in Spain; such, there is a need to develop models predict the timing of their emergence. Field experiments were conducted at two different locations during (2006/07 2007/08) three (from 2005/06 growing s...

This study examined physiochemical conditions and prokaryotic community structure (the bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes and mcrA gene abundances and proportions), and evaluated the effect of reed canary grass cultivation and mineral fertilisation on these factors, in the 60 cm thick residual peat layer of experimental plots located on an abandoned peat extraction area. The archaeal proport...

B iological invasions occur when organisms are transported and become established in a new range in which they persist, proliferate, and spread (1). The negative consequences of invasions include loss of native biological diversity and community structure (and in extreme cases, the extinction of native species) (2); modification of ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling and productivity p...

Little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor L.) is a major weed in wheat fields in some parts of Iran. To evaluate the efficacy of molecular and greenhouse methods in detecting the resistance of 49 biotypes of canary grass(Phalaris. Spp) to acetyl-CoA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides, two methods including whole plant screening and PCR-based molecular methods were applied. Results showed that the...

Four weed species (Bromus mollis, Vulpia sp., Poa annua, Steltaria media) occur in 30% or more of all perennial ryegrass seed samples. Of the listed undesirable species, Avena fatua (wild oat) and Hordeum murinum occurred respectively in 5.3 and 3.5% of ryegrass seedlots. Only 6 herbicides are registered for use in grass seed crops in New Zealand, 2 for wild oat, and 4 for broadleaved weeds. Th...

The ability of warm-grown leaves to acclimate their photosynthetic machinery to low, non-freezing temperature was compared for contrasting species of grasses and trees. All trees (Betula pubescens, Salix sp. and Picea abies), and young plants of one of the grasses (Hordeum vulgare) showed acclimation of photosynthesis while the other two grasses (Phalaris arundinacea and Festuca ovina) did not....