Tailed bacteriophages with genomes larger than 200 kbp are classified as Jumbo phages, and are rarely isolated by conventional methods. These phages are designated "jumbo" owing to their most notable features of a large phage virion and large genome size. However, in addition to these, jumbo phages also exhibit several novel characteristics that have not been observed for phages with smaller ge...

Phages possess the ability to selectively eliminate pathogenic bacteria by recognizing bacterial surface receptors. Since their discovery, phages have been recognized for potent bactericidal properties, making them a promising alternative antibiotics in context of rising antibiotic resistance. However, rapid emergence phage-resistant strains (generally involving temperature phage) and limited h...

Electron microscope studies have been made of a number of phages of lactic streptococci, seven of which were phages of Streptococcus lactis C10. Two of the phages are thought to be identical; five have been classified by the method of Tikhonenko as belonging to group IV (phages with noncontractile tails) with type III tail plates; one belongs to group V (phages with tails possessing a contracti...

A set of 83 lytic dairy bacteriophages (phages) infecting flavor-producing mesophilic starter strains of the Leuconostoc genus was characterized, and the first in-depth taxonomic scheme was established for this phage group. Phages were obtained from different sources, i.e., from dairy samples originating from 11 German dairies (50 Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides [Ln. pseudomesenteroides] phages...

Many bacteriophages (phages) have been widely studied due to their major role in virulence evolution of bacterial pathogens. However, less attention has been paid to phages preying on bacteria from the Bacillus cereus group and their contribution to the bacterial genetic pool has been disregarded. Therefore, this review brings together the main information for the B. cereus group phages, from t...

The objectives of this study were to induce and characterize verotoxin-encoding phages from a collection of 91 verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O103:H2 strains of human and bovine origins. All the strains carried the vt1 gene, and two carried the vt2 gene as well. The phages were induced by UV irradiation and characterized by DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), genom...

Phage treatment is a technique that has been used for over century to treat bacterial illnesses by using viruses (phages). Antibiotics' overall reduction in efficacy reignited interest reexamining this procedure. therapy may be utilized as an alternative or complement antibiotic therapies, according recent studies on the use of phages and their lytic proteins, specifically against multidrug-res...

The global bacteriophage population is large, dynamic, old, and highly diverse genetically. Many phages are tailed and contain double-stranded DNA, but these remain poorly characterized genomically. A collection of over 1,000 phages infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis reveals the diversity of phages of a common bacterial host, but their relationships to phages of phylogenetically proximal hosts a...

The inactivation of staphylococcus bacteriophage by an artificially produced anti-phagic serum was first reported by Gratia and Jaumain", who also found that normal rabbit serum inhibits staphy phage,-in some instances to a titer. as high as 1: 500. More recently it has been observed (Rosenthal29, Raiga24 25, Biglieri and Fischer4, Applebaum and MacNeal2, Colvin8, and Evans"0) that normal human...

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) bacteriophages (phages) were first isolated six decades ago. Since then, extensive research has been conducted on these ssRNA phages, particularly those infecting E. coli. With small genomes of typically 3–4 kb that usually encode four essential proteins, phages employ a straightforward infectious cycle involving host adsorption, genome entry, replicat...