Integrated pest management, in which the conventional pesticides are augmented by one or more nonchemical control practices, has been receiving renewed interest. What is new in this revitalization of an old technique is the careful and more knowledgeable application of a variety of control techniques.

Eradication is the elimination of every single individual of a species from an area to which recolonization is unlikely to occur. Cost-benefit analyses of eradication programs involve biases that tend to underestimate the costs and overestimate the benefits. In this review, we (a) highlight limitations of current cost-benefit analyses, (b) assess eradication strategies from biological and socio...

Baseline susceptibility to abamectin in thirty-four Colorado potato beetle (CPB) populations was determined by diet-incorporated assays. Also, filter-paper exposure assays quantified esfenvalerate and azinphosmethyl resistance. LC50 values ranged from 0.09 to 2.69 ppm abamectin and differed by 9fold in 1993 and 21-fold in 1994. Based on the composite response of this assay, the predicted LC50, ...

Research and development on IPM was initiated in Pakistan in the 70’s. However, efforts to implement IPM at the farm level did not bear fruit. A major obstacle has been the mindset at the policy level to increase crop production to feed the ever-increasing population. Pesticides became a major instrument of increasing production leading to ‘pesticide treadmill’ situation. Although IPM-FFS “Veha...

This study examines the role of weather and pest infestation forecasts in agricultural management, taking into account potential correlation between population prediction errors. First, we analytically illustrate forecast errors management using a stochastic optimal control framework. Next, dynamic programming, empirically simulate trajectory within growing season, We used lentil production Pal...

The study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles species to DDT 4% and deltamethrin 0.05%. Mosquitoes were tested for their susceptibility to both insecticides following WHO standards and using test kit provided by WHO. The study indicated that Anopheles mosquito was found tolerant to DDT 4% and deltamethrin 0.05% in Juba County in all mosquitoes collected from the sentinel sites. Ho...