to either aluminum ions or surface hydroxyls and can result in the formation of a surface alkoxide. The properties of inorganic membranes are dependent on the The purpose of this note is to illustrate the effects of heat treatment and surface chemistry of the material, which in turn are affected by chemisorption of organic molecules on the permeability characteristics of parameters such as temp...

We investigated the relationship between the ATP-evoked rise of cytosolic Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) and barrier function in porcine aortic endothelial monolayers. ATP (0.01-100 μM) induced a transient rise of [Ca2+]iand reduced permeability in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (1 μM) elicited a rise in [Ca2+]icomparable to that induced by ATP (10 μM),...

In this study, we analyze the effects of membrane properties, namely water permeability, solute permeability, and structural parameter, on the overall performance of an FO membrane module to extract water from simulated seawater (0.6 M NaCl). By considering the thermodynamic limit of operation, we demonstrate that the maximum achievable water recovery is practically independent of membrane prop...

There is extensive evidence from drilling into continental margins for microbial colonization of a deep biosphere. However it is difficult to prove deep biosphere activity in the geological record, where evidence for life is dominated by the remains of organic matter buried after deposition at the surface. Nevertheless we propose that natural injections of sand into muddy strata at continental ...

Five millimolar KCN reduced water permeability in 1-millimeter thick slices of potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.). One-tenth millimolar ATP and CTP prevented or reversed the reduced permeability. UTP and GTP were not effective. Five millimolar ammonium carbonate or 0.1 millimolar 2,4-dinitrophenol also reduced water permeability, but ATP and CTP were only partially effective in reversing the r...

Coal permeability models based on constrained conditions such as constant volume theory can successfully match unconstrained experimental data and field observations. However, these models have a boundary mismatch because the boundary of permeability models is constrained while experiment boundary is free displacement or unconstrained. What the mechanism is to require such a boundary mismatch h...