In this paper, we demonstrate 3D-printed 1-DOF (one torsional axis; 1 degree of freedom) optical scanners with large mirror areas (up to 20 × mm2). Each device consists an aluminum-coated square silicon substrate serving as the mirror, two miniature permanent magnets, electromagnet, and a structure including frame, torsion springs, base. One can reach static half scan angle 14.8 deg., i.e., ful...

introduction the aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of deflection load of three kinds of nickel titanium closed coil springs. methods and materials this research was an experimental study. research sample contains three kinds of niti closed coiled springs (heavy, medium, light) from gac, 3m, and rmo factories. 10 springs with 9 mm length for each group (totally 90 springs) wer...

1Department of Health Science, The University of Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs CO 80918, USA 2Athletic Development, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA 3School of Health Science, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia *Corresponding author Jay Dawes, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Health Science University of Colorado-Colorado Springs Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA Tel....

1. Despite the range of threats to springs and the number of spring-endemic species, studies of temporal changes in the fauna of springs have rarely been reported. Changes in the fish of 22 Oklahoma (USA) springs were compared among surveys in 1981, 1982, and 2001. 2. Twenty-year assemblage differences were correlated with physical alteration of specific springs and stocking of native fish, whi...

The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) underlies about one fifth of mainland Australia. Much of this area is arid or semiarid and often artesian water is the only reliable source of potable water, historically via springs. Prior to the 1870s, there were around 3,000 flowing springs ringing the GAB. The springs were a vital source of water for Aborigines as well as early explorers, workers and pastorali...

Slovenian karst areas extend over 43% of the country; limestones and dolomites of the Mesozoic era prevail. In Slovenia karst groundwater contributes up to 50% of the total drinking water supply. The quality of water is very high, despite the fact that it is extremely vulnerable to pollution. The present article is a study and a review of the potential and actual sources of pollution to the gro...

Internally-balanced Magnetic Unit (IB Magnet) has been developed as a fundamental technique of wall climbing robots. This unit comprises of a permanent magnet which generates a strong sticking force, and a spring unit which cancels the internal force so that the unit can provide easy sticking and releasing actions. In this paper, the authors aim to enlarge usefulness of IB Magnet by several app...

1.0 INTRODUCTION Active and fossil hot springs systems occur worldwide, and share many common characteristics that indicate similar genetic histories (White 1955; Waring 1965; Rhinehart 1980; White 1981; Bowen 1989). This research studies the occurrence and characteristics of hot springs at Steamboat Springs, Nevada using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data. Both highan...