OBJECTIVE Perivascular adipose tissue of normotensive rats releases a transferable factor that induces relaxation by opening voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channels. The relevance of these observations to hypertension is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We characterized mesenteric perivascular adipose tissue from 3-month-old Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and aged-matched spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR...

OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests that adipose tissue not only stores energy but also secretes various bioactive substances called adipocytokines. Periadventitial fat is distributed ubiquitously around arteries throughout the body. It was reported that inflammatory changes in the periadventitial fat may have a direct role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases accelerated by obesity. W...

OBJECTIVE Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that periadventitial adipose tissue may modulate vascular lesion formation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of perivascular leptin expression on neointima formation and to differentiate it from local inflammation and systemically elevated leptin levels. APPROACH AND RESULTS Increased neointima formation after carotid artery...

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) directly abuts the lamina adventitia of conduit arteries and actively communicates with the vessel wall to regulate vascular function and inflammation. Mounting evidence suggests that the biological activities of PVAT are governed by perivascular adipocytes, a unique class of adipocyte with distinct molecular and phenotypic characteristics. Perivascular adipoc...

Increased visceral adipose tissue in obesity is associated with adverse cardiovascular events and hypertension. Visceral adipose tissue surrounds mesenteric arteries and may produce vasoactive substances that influence vascular contraction. We tested the hypothesis that perivascular adipose tissue modulates contraction of small, resistance-sized mesenteric artery ring preparations. We studied m...

The anatomy of the arterial wall has traditionally been divided into 3 distinct regions, forming concentric layers surrounding the blood vessel lumen. The intima, consisting of a single layer of endothelial cells in direct contact with the lumen; the media, containing layers of smooth muscle cells and extracellular elastin fibers; and the adventitia, composed largely of collagen and other extra...

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and its adipokines engage in bidirectional crosstalk with the vascular wall. Atherosclerosis disrupts this interaction through inflammation, rupture-prone plaques, subsequent thrombosis. The cardioprotective effects of ghrelin are contradiction to adipogenic properties. concurrent research anti-/pro-atherogenic mechanisms PVAT-derived provides a better underst...

OBJECTIVE Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) wraps blood vessels and modulates vasoreactivity by secretion of vasoactive molecules. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) has been shown to control inflammation and is expressed in adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated whether adipose-specific deletion of rictor and thereby inactivation of mTORC2 in PVAT may modulate vascular f...