Perimidine ruthenium complexes ([Ru(L1-2)(p-cymene)Cl]Cl) were synthesized and used to produce Ru-doped ZnO thin films by the sol–gel spin-coating method. These characterized using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, UV–Vis, photoluminescence (PL) spectra. It was determined XRD analysis that all have a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The residual stress generally compressive ranged from ? 2.117 1.4 GPa as content i...