one of the most common outcomes of pulp inflammation is periapical granuloma formation. existence of immune cells in these lesions showed involvement of both humoral and cellular immunity in the site. the presence of different antigens in the root canal causes production o various antibodies and consequent immunological reactions. different theories have been proposed on periapical cysts. the m...

In the oral cavity, extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can occur in the periapical region either in the maxilla or mandible. Also, it can mimic inflammatory lesions that arise around the teeth apices such as periapical granuloma, radicular cyst and osteomyelitis. Misdiagnosis of lymphomas in the jaws may reduce the chance of successful treatment and worsen the prognosis. Therefore, any growth of...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Inflammatory Periapical lesions are the most common periapical lesions. These lesions are often diagnosed based on clinical and radiological examination, which may be different from the histological finding. The present study was carried out with aim to assess the rate and to compare clinical and radiographic features with histological diagnosis of periapical pathology.METHO...

Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine responsible for the initiation and propagation of inflammation. One of its actions is the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is association between IL-17A expression and neutrophil infiltration in periapical abscesses and periapical granulomas, as well as to find which...

Introduction: Knowing the anatomical complexity of the root canal system along with its variations, especially regarding the number of roots, conducts and curvatures, facilitates understanding of root canal location and negotiation. There might be C-shaped canals resembling a fissure. The number of these canals might range from one to three. Objective: To report a clinical case of endodontic re...

UNLABELLED Previous studies demonstrate that the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators determines the stable or progressive nature of periapical granulomas by modulating the balance of the osteoclastogenic factor RANKL and its antagonist OPG. However, the cytokine networks operating in the development of periapical lesions are quite more complex than what the simple pro- versus a...

BACKGROUND Macrophages and plasma cells play a key role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of these cells in apical periodontitis and their distribution comparing with clinical and image data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-three lesions were selected and divided in two groups (17 periapical cysts and 16 periapical granulomas). Imm...

BACKGROUND Leptin, initially described as an adipocyte-derived hormone to regulate weight control, is expressed in normal and inflamed human dental pulp, being up-regulated during pulp experimental inflammation. Leptin receptor (LER) has been identified in human periapical granulomas. The aim of this study was to analyze and characterize the expression of leptin in human periapical granulomas. ...

Biopsies are an important diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of lesions ranging from simple periapical lesions to malignancies. Planning prior to performing a biopsy is essential. It will be beneficial to the receiving pathologist in reaching a helpful and meaningful diagnosis, and therefore ultimately and more importantly, to the patient. This paper presents an updated view of biopsies and disc...