In (Computing with Words, Wiley, New York, 2001, p. 251; Soft Comput. 6 (2002) 320; Fuzzy Logic and The Internet, Physica-Verlag, Springer, Wurzburg, Berlin, 2003) we presented di>erent fuzzy linguistic multi-agent models for helping users in their information gathering processes on the Web. In this paper we describe a new fuzzy linguistic multi-agent model that incorporates two information $lt...

Any computing with words (CW) system is required to assign a phrase in natural language to the fuzzy values it provides as its output. This paper explores different linguistic approximation methods for CW systems. The outputs of these methods are evaluated through various measures such as fuzziness, specificity, validity, and sigma-count. We illustrate that certain linguistic methods may result...

This paper describes procedures that have been used to identify sources of inappropriate (“illicit”) discharges in storm drainage systems. Also included is a review of emerging techniques that may also be useful, especially in future years as they become more accessible and become proven technologies. This paper also describes a series of tests where the original methods developed previously fo...

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of currently known applications of computing with words (CWW) in risk assessment. It is largely grouped into the following 5 categories: (1) fuzzy number based risk assessment; (2) fuzzy rule-based risk assessment; (3) fuzzy extension of typical probabilistic risk assessment; (4) ordinal linguistic approach for risk assessment; and (5) miscellaneous ...

Uncertainty in real world decision making problems not always has probabilistic nature, in such cases the use of linguistic information to model and manage such an uncertainty has given good results. The adoption of linguistic information implies the accomplishment of processes of computing with words to solve linguistic decision making problems. In the specialized literature, several computati...

Perception-based function (PBF) is a fuzzy function obtained as a result of reconstruction of human judgments given by a sequence of rules Rk: If T is Tk then S is Sk, where Tk are perception-based intervals defined on the domain of independent variable T, and Sk are perception-based shape patterns of variable S on interval Tk. Intervals Tk can be expressed by words like Between N and M, Approx...

Satellite orographic precipitation estimates exhibit large errors with space-time structure tied to landform. Observations in the Southern Appalachian Mountains (SAM) suggest that low-level clouds and fog (LLCF) amplify mid-day rainfall via seeder-feeder interactions (SFI) at both high and low elevations. Here, a rainfall microphysics model constrained by fog observations was used first to reve...

integrating natural resources management in the secondary school curriculum in kenya has received a lot of talk without adequate practical activities. the farmers of the future programme under the world agroforestry centre, formally the international centre for research in agroforestry (icraf), initiated a practical approach to integration of natural resources management in the secondary school...

New technologies allow users to access huge amounts of data about phenomena in their environment. Nevertheless, linguistic description of these available data requires that human experts interpret them highlighting the relevant details and hiding the irrelevant ones. Experts use their personal experience on the described phenomenon and in using the flexibility of natural language to create thei...

To help decision-makers better understand the decision procedure and result is a major objective of decision analysis. In linguistic decision, symbolic scheme thereby is more attractive than set-based scheme. The counted (expanded) linguistic variable (CLV/CELV) model is proposed for representing and aggregating linguistic decision information. The model is developed from the ordinary linguisti...