The present paper analyses the accuracy of the measurements performed by a global positioning system (GPS) receiver located in forested environments. A large set of observations were taken with a GPS receiver at intervals of one second during a total time of an hour at twelve different points placed in forest areas. Each of these areas was characterized by a set of forest stand variables (tree ...

Rapid and accurate ambiguity resolution is the core of high-precision precise point positioning (PPP) data processing. However, parameters in PPP observation models are easily affected by atmospheric residual gross errors, which lead to probability successfully fixing decreases computational burden increases full resolution. Therefore, an increasing number partial (PAR) strategies have been pro...

The tracking of satellite signals with the passive linearly polarized embedded global navigation system (GNSS) antenna smartphones in dynamic scenarios is susceptible to changing multipath and obstructions urban environments, which lead a significant decrease availability reliability GNSS solutions. Accordingly, based on characteristics smartphone inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors data GN...

As a significant space–time infrastructure, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides high-precision positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) information to users all over world. However, GNSS real-time kinematic (RTK) mobile receiver signal attenuation is obvious in complex environments such as under trees, urban canyons, indoors, among others, it incapable of meeting demand mult...

In this work, we report a large scale synthetic procedure that allows attachment of magnetite nanoparticles onto Ag NWs in situ, which was conducted in a triethylene glycol (TREG) solution with iron acetylacetonate and Ag NWs as starting materials. The as-prepared Ag NW/Fe3O4 NP composites are well characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, FT-IR, and VSM techniques. It was found that the mass ratio ...

Motor Transport Institute has developed functional structure of the National Automatic Toll Collection System (NATCS). It consists of the following elements: two intelligent on-board units (OBUs), two control gates and laboratory model of National Automatic Toll Collection Centre (NATCC). OBU automatically calculates the amount of charge due, taking into account the vehicle category (admissible...

Until now, limited observational data have suggested that the juxtaposition of trees with respect to place where a GPS position fix is collected may affect static horizontal position accuracy of that determined position. Our goal was to assess GPS accuracy with respect to the spatial arrangement of nearby trees, and determine whether correlations existed or whether trends were evident. Therefor...

The objective of this study was to construct a BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS)/global positioning (GPS)-integrated algorithm that meets the accuracy requirement forest surveys and analyze its provide theoretical technical support for accurate in forests. Quercus variabilis broad-leaved Jiufeng National Forest Park Sabina Coniferous Dongsheng Bajia farm were selected as area. A Sanding ...

Human activities in the Arctic regions have been increasing recent years due to impacts of climate change, such as Sea ice decline. For example, there has an increase shipping routes. A robust navigation system with a high positioning accuracy is required when traversing extremely challenging environment ensure safety human activities. However, high–precision GNSS and method, e.g., real–time ki...