BACKGROUND Lactobacillus reuteri metabolizes glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) and further to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), the latter step catalysed by a propanediol dehydrogenase (PDH). The last step in this pathway regenerates NAD+ and enables therefore the energetically more favourable production of acetate over ethanol during growth on glucose. RESULTS A search throughout the gen...

BACKGROUND Pakistan, being a developing country, presents the dismal picture of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. The majority of maternal and neonatal deaths could be avoided if Continuum of Care (CoC) is provided in a structured pathway from pregnancy to birth and to the first week of life of the newborn child. This study aimed to analyse the trends of CoC at all three levels (an...

An analog CMOS peak detect and hold (PDH) circuit, which combines high speed and accuracy, rail-to-rail sensing and driving, low power, and buffering is presented. It is based on a configuration that cancels the major error sources of the classical CMOS PDH, including offset and common mode gain, by re-using the same amplifier for tracking, peak sensing, and output buffering. By virtue of its h...

"The paper examines the mother's health-seeking behaviour and childhood mortality in Pakistan. This is based on the 1990-91 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS).... It was found that neonatal, infant, and child mortality rate is the highest among children of mothers aged less than 20 years. Infant and child mortality rate is likewise higher among first and higher order births than amon...

Peak detectors (peak-detect-and-hold circuits, PDHs) are a key element in nuclear electronics signal processing and have been incorporated as a fully integrated block in several front-end readout chips. In CMOS designs, the PDH uses an MOS current source as the rectifying element inside the feedback loop of a high-gain amplifier. However, the nonidealities in the amplifier and feedback elements...

Fertility is the major determinant of population growth rate. In the early 1960’s Pakistan was the pioneer country which focused on the family planning issues to control the fertility rate so that population growth would be controlled. But it has been observed that the population growth could not be controlled at the desired level yet. The main objective of this study is to explore the factors ...