This paper is concerned with the development of technological capabilities in the Brazilian subsidiaries of multinational assemblers in Brazil, particularly their involvement in Product Development (PD). The paper addresses the following issues: What roles have vehicle assembly subsidiaries played in building up local technological capabilities in PD in Brazil? How complex are such activities? ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of sonography in the identification of several types of lesions seen in patients with Peyronie disease (PD). METHODS A total of 78 patients were examined. Penile lesions were counted, classified, and categorized according to their anatomic location and sonographic presentation. RESULTS The classic sonographic presentation, as well as ...

Low temperature wet methane oxidation is critical for the after-treatment of exhaust from vehicles powered with natural gas-fueled engine, which always operated at low temperatures and high water vapor concentrations. Herein, Pd/Ba-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared, different amount Ba as promoter. It was found that superior to reference Ba-free Pd/Al2O3 catalyst in terms conversion, intrinsic acti...

objectives to explore the effect of a selective 10-week corrective exercise with an emphasis on gait training activities (gta) on the number of falls (nofs), fear of falling, functional balance, timed up and go (tug) test among pd patients. background posture instability and unsteady gait disorders in parkinson’s disease (pd) usually contribute to fall-related fractures. fall-related trauma in ...

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Patients with medically refractory Parkinson's disease (PD) obtain significant clinical benefit from subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation. The degree to which a successful outcome relates to the anatomic location of the stimulating electrode has not yet been clearly established. Many studies have attempted to correlate the clinical result with the electrode location using ...

Rapid eye movements (saccades) were examined in 7 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and a matched group of normal control subjects. The effect of instructional and stimulus conditions used to elicit saccades was examined using 3 experimental paradigms. Eye movements directly elicited by a novel peripheral target were unimpaired in patients with PD as compared with control subjec...

In the present study, we apply proportional (P), proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-differential (PD) feedback controls to flow over a circular cylinder at Re=60 and 100 for suppression of vortex shedding in the wake. The transverse velocity at a centreline location in the wake is measured and used for the feedback control. The actuation (blowing/suction) is provided to the flow at the...

PD-L1 is an immunoinhibitory molecule that suppresses the activation of T cells, leading to the progression of tumors. Overexpression of PD-L1 in cancers such as gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and bladder cancer is associated with poor clinical outcomes. In contrast, PD-L1 expression correlates with better cl...

PURPOSE To describe the location of initial visual field defects (VFD) in glaucoma, their modes of deterioration, and those factors associated with different modes of deterioration. METHODS Patients with POAG were categorized into four groups based on three consecutive initial VFD: (1) superior paracentral defects (PD), (2) inferior PD, (3) superior nasal defects (ND), and (4) inferior ND. Ac...

OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the effect of dopaminergic medication on stimulus-response learning versus performing decisions based on learning. METHOD To see the effect of dopaminergic therapy on stimulus-response learning and response selection, participants with Parkinson's disease (PD) were either tested on and/or off their prescribed dose of dopaminergic therapy during different testi...