background and aims: plant certification programs need reliable, fast, cheap and sensitive methods for detection of systemic pathogens with special interest in virus and viroid detection. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has been documented as an alternative assay for certification of plant propagating materials. the main object of the present study was the optimization ...

background: toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite, which infects one-third population of world. humans and animals acquire infection by ingesting oocytes from feces of cats or by meat of other animals having cysts that may lead to congenital, ocular or cephalic toxoplasmosis. either it is important to detect t. gondii from meat of food animals from retail shops or directly at slaughter...

ABSTRACT Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, has often been linked to oral transmission through açai consumption. Molecular methods that allow fast and accurate identification of pathogen are important for detection presence parasite in this food. This study aimed optimize polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based T. cruzi DNA pulp. Several dilutions DTU TcI trypomastigote fo...

canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) is one of the most common viruses responsible for acute hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs. a rapid and accurate diagnosis of cpv-2 infection is especially important in kennels in order to isolate infected dogs. the aim of the present study was to compare two laboratory tests i.e., polymerase change reaction (pcr) and immunochromatography assay (ica) most commonly us...

The respiratory pattern generator modulates the sympathetic outflow, the strength of which is enhanced by challenges produced by hypoxia. This coupling is due to the respiratory-modulated presympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), but the underlining electrophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. For a better understanding of the neural substrates responsible for gener...