objectives: although for those spinal cord injury (sci) patients with paralysis of the legs but not at arms, the primary means of mobility post injury is the manual wheelchair, there are many physiological and psychological advantages to standing and walking, such as improvement in respiratory function, lower limb weight bearing and preventing osteoporosis, pressure sores prevention etc. high m...

abstract background and aim: lack of balance in pattern and activity of quadriceps and hamstring muscles increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury (acl). the purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes in pattern and activity of vastus medialis and semitendinosusmuscles in landing from different heights and to understand if these changes will increase the risk of a...

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) is a complex disorder of heterogeneous etiologies characterized by a consistent, recognizable pattern of lung injury and a potentially devastating form of acute inflammatory lung injury with a high short-term mortality rate and significant long-term consequences among survivors. recently, the new definition of ards has been published, and this definiti...

the incidence of drug induced liver injury (dili) is about 1/1000 to 1/10000 among patients who receive therapeutic drug doses. drug induced hepatotoxicity is a major cause of acute and chronic liver disease. the severity of liver damage ranges from nonspecific changes in liver structure to acute liver failure, cirrhosis and liver cancer. some common agents that can cause liver injury are aceta...

conclusions urban rtas are one of the most important problems in kashan and aran-bidgol cities, which impose a great economic burden on health system. motorcyclists are the most vulnerable victims and multiple trauma and head injury are seen among them extensively. patients and methods during a retrospective study, data including age, sex, injury type and pattern, outcome, hospital stay and tre...

Patellar fracture is a relatively uncommon fracture especially the vertical sagittal type. In cases of high energy trauma injury, it is usually associated with fracture of ipsilateral distal femur or proximal tibia. However, the combination of vertical sagittal fracture patella and ipsilateral fracture lateral condyle is very rare. This necessitates judicious diagnosis and appropriate managemen...