dry and wet atmospheric depositions as well as urban surface soil samples were collected in eight different land use zones (during 2010) of the most important and largest industrial city, southwest iran for determining cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc. the average of cd, cr, pb and zn concentrations in the study area for wet precipitation were 17.8 μg/l, 49.97 μg/l, 2.31 μg/l, and 0.53 μg/l, re...

Astrophysicists now know that 80% of the matter in the universe is ‘dark matter’, composed of neutral and weakly interacting elementary particles that are not part of the Standard Model of particle physics. I will summarize the evidence for dark matter. I will explain why I expect dark matter particles to be produced at the CERN LHC. We will then need to characterize the new weakly interacting ...

After introducing several aspects of the motivation for particle dark matter search, experimental principles and the present state of the main experiments are presented. Direct searches for WIMPs are explained in some detail; indirect WIMP searches and axion searches are presented more briefly.

Particle candidates for astrophysical dark matter are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the lightest supersymmetric particle and the axion. The former is now constrained by accelerator experiments to have a mass above about 40 GeV, and ongoing searches at accelerators, in space, and in underground experiments have a good chance to detect it. A reevaluation of the constraint on the axion fro...

The identity of dark matter is a question of central importance in both astrophysics and particle physics. In the past, the leading particle candidates were cold and collisionless, and typically predicted missing energy signals at particle colliders. However, recent progress has greatly expanded the list of well-motivated candidates and the possible signatures of dark matter. This review begins...

We discuss the damping of primordial dark matter fluctuations, taking into account explicitly the interactions of dark matter – whatever their intensity – both with itself and with other particle species. Relying on a general classification of dark matter particle candidates, our analysis provides, from structure formation, a new set of constraints on the dark matter particle mass and interacti...

We summarize the main features of several dark matter candidates in extra-dimensional theories. In particular, we review Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons in universal extra dimensions and branons in brane-world models. KK gravitons are superWIMP (superweakly-interacting massive particle) dark matter, and branons are WIMP (weakly-interacting massive particle) dark matter. Both dark matter candidates ...

dry and wet atmospheric depositions as well as urban surface soil samples were collected in eight different land use zones (during 2010) of the most important and largest industrial city, southwest iran for determining cadmium, chromium, lead and zinc. the average of cd, cr, pb and zn concentrations in the study area for wet precipitation were 17.8 μg/l, 49.97 μg/l, 2.31 μg/l, and 0.53 μg/l, re...