We critically review formulas for temperature correction of pH, pCO2, and pO2 measurements in whole blood and the clinical usefulness of these formulas. We discuss both the theoretical derivation and experimental verification of temperature-induced changes. We recommend when to use and when not to use these formulas, based upon the clinical interpretation of these assays.

Iceberg C-18a (35 7 0.184 km) was studied repeatedly by five circumnavigational surveys in March-April 2009. During the period of the surveys, C-18a travelled 109 nautical miles in 23 days covering an area of 8.1 10 km. This iceberg was formed from iceberg C-18 (76 7 km) that originated from the Ross Ice Shelf in May, 2002. Ship-based measurements show that this iceberg produced fresh meltwater...

Measuring PCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) in an organ can enable early detection of ischemia. However, there are few clinical applicable solutions for measuring PCO2. Based upon the requirement for clinical applications, a conductivity based PCO2 sensor is proposed. A conductivity based PCO2 sensor measures conductance in an aqueous solution separated from the measured object by a gas...

Alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PACO2) and alveolar partial pressure of oxygen (PAO2) oscillate at the frequency of respiration and the oscillations persist into the arterial blood as oscillations of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2). Arterial chemoreceptors respond quickly enough to changes in PaCO2 and PaO2 for the ...

Episodic events like hurricanes, storms and frontal- and eddy-driven upwelling can alter the partial pressure of CO(2) (pCO(2)) at the sea surface by entraining subsurface waters into the surface mixed layer (ML) of the ocean. Since pCO(2) is a function of total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), temperature (T), salinity and alkalinity, it responds to the combined impacts of physical, chemical ...

BACKGROUND The effect of intranasal oxygen and/or early reversal of xylazine with atipamezole on arterial oxygenation in free-ranging moose (Alces alces) immobilized with etorphine-acepromazine-xylazine with a cross-sectional clinical study on 33 adult moose was evaluated. RESULTS Before treatment the mean±SD (range) partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) was 62±17 (26-99) mmHg. Twenty-si...

The alkenone-pCO2 methodology has been used to reconstruct the partial pressure of ancient atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) for the past 45 million years of Earth's history (Middle Eocene to Pleistocene epochs). The present long-term CO2 record is a composite of data from multiple ocean localities that express a wide range of oceanographic and algal growth conditions that potentially bias CO2 ...

The relation between the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) and Paleogene climate is poorly resolved. We used stable carbon isotopic values of di-unsaturated alkenones extracted from deep sea cores to reconstruct pCO2 from the middle Eocene to the late Oligocene (approximately 45 to 25 million years ago). Our results demonstrate that pCO2 ranged between 1000 to 1500 parts per...

Variability of the surface water partial pressure of CO2 in the North Sea H. Thomas, Y. Bozec, K. Elkalay, H. J. W. de Baar, A. V. Borges, and L.-S. Schiettecatte Canada Research Chair, Dalhousie University, Department of Oceanography, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Carbon Chemistry, P.O. Box 59, Den Burg, Texe...

Blood-gas data from a large interlaboratory survey were analyzed to determine whether pO2 and pCO2 results are affected by the atmospheric pressure at the measuring location. A small but statistically significant dependence was found, averaging about 2.3% per 100 mmHg (1.7% per 10 kPa) for pO2 and 1.0% per 100 mmHg (0.75% per 10 kPa) for pCO2.