Nanosuspension is a novel drug formulation for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. The problem medications that are poorly water-soluble and have low bioavailability countered by nanosuspension technology. Solubility significant physiochemical element influences absorption therapeutic effectiveness. Poor aqueous solubility has potential to impair development. technology can improve drug's stabil...

holelithiasis in neonates is usually pigmentary and composed of calcium bilirubinate.1,2 In children, cholelithisasis and inspissated bile or sludge are associated with prematurity, cystic fibrosis, hemolytic diseases, hemorrhage, congenital heart disease, starvation, total parenteral nutrition, infection, dehydration, ileal resection, abdominal surgery, congenital anomalies of the biliary trac...

Disseminated fungal infection is the presence of a pathogen in blood (fungemia) and/or any other deep-seated site because hematogenous seeding. Conditions which predispose individuals for disseminated infections include renal failure, following surgical procedures, HIV, neutropenia, hematological malignancies, and long term use antibiotics, late sepsis total parenteral nutrition. Candida common...

Smart Infusion Pumps are vital tools for use in administering a broad range of parenteral/intravenous medications. Safe and effective use of smart infusion pumps depends upon their integration with Pump Servers, Computerized Physician Order Entry Systems, Pharmacy Information Systems, DERS/MERS – Dose/Medication Error Reduction Systems( and the digital Drug Libraries that they use), eMARS – ele...

Introduction: Subutex (sublingual buprenorphine hydrochloride) tablets are prescribed to alleviate symptoms of opiate withdrawal in addicts undergoing a cessation programme. Although Subutex is safe and effective, parenteral abuse is an emerging phenomenon. A variety of complications may present due to the different areas that patients inject themselves. Aim: We present a case series of four ...

conclusions there is still not a definitive consensus as to which technique is superior, but including one of the methods in addition to providing the patient with parenteral and enteral drugs could provide better postsurgical analgesia. the aim of this review article is to look at the effectiveness of various local anesthetic techniques available to provide analgesia following laparoscopic sur...

39 Interactions between drugs and nutrients often occur and can have a detrimental impact on patient outcome (1). The risk of pharmacologic-nutritional interactions continues to grow as specialized nutrition support (i.e., enteral and parenteral nutrition) is initiated earlier and the use of multiple medications increases. Recognition of clinically significant interactions can assist with preve...

Central venous lines are of particular importance in seriously ill children that require parenteral nutrition, chemotherapy, or other medications. The jugular or subclavian veins are ordinarily used for primary access. Alternatives include the femoral veins, the intercostal veins, and transhepatic approaches. If the use of these standard sites of placement is made impossible, due, for example, ...

This observational study aimed to determine the frequency of utilization of vials containing parenteral medications in a pediatric unit, and to identify nursing team actions related to their preparation and administration. Data were collected from prescription forms and by checking these drugs in the refrigerator and stocks at the unit. Vials were prescribed to 30.8% of patients. Aspects such a...

These guidelines describe the roles of home or alternatesite infusion service providers and pharmacies (hereinafter “home infusion service providers” and “home infusion pharmacies”) and provide guidance on how to successfully work with a home infusion service provider in continuing care that has been initiated in a health system or other facility. For the purposes of these guidelines, a home in...