We analyze a variety of lexical expressions with 2-way bilingual dictionaries and propose a method for extracting paraphrasing words. First, we compare the coverage between an English-Japanese dictionary and a Japanese-English dictionary from the viewpoint of the returnability of the words by translating English to Japanese, and then back to English again. The variety is shown using examples. N...

This paper describes an integrated framework to paraphrase spontaneous speech into written-style sentences. Most current speech recognition systems try to transcribe whole spoken words correctly. However, recognition results of spontaneous speech are usually difficult to understand, even if the recognition is perfect, because spontaneous speech includes redundant information, and it has a diffe...

This paper describes a universal model for paraphrasing that transforms according to dened criteria. We showed that by using dierent criteria we could construct dierent kinds of paraphrasing systems including one for answering questions, one for compressing sentences, one for polishing up, and one for transforming written language to spoken language .

Many natural language processing models are perceived to be fragile on adversarial attacks. Recent work attack has demonstrated a high success rate sentiment analysis as well classification models. However, attacks summarization have not been studied. Summarization tasks rarely influenced by word substitution, since advanced abstractive summary utilize sentence level information. In this paper,...

One of the problems in spoken language translation is the enormous variety of expressions not found in text translation. This volume can lead to a sparse translation coverage. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a machine translation model where an input is translated through both source-language and target-language paraphrasing processes. In this paper, we discuss the source paraphrasi...

Idiomatic expressions (IEs) play an essential role in natural language. In this paper, we study the task of idiomatic sentence paraphrasing (ISP), which aims to paraphrase a with IE by replacing its literal paraphrase. The lack large-scale corpora idiomatic-literal parallel sentences is primary challenge for task, consider two separate solutions. First, propose unsupervised approach ISP, levera...

This paper describes adjective-to-verb paraphrasing in Japanese. In this paraphrasing, generated verbs require additional suffixes according to their difference in meaning. To determine proper suffixes for a given adjective-verb pair, we have examined the verbal features involved in the theory of Lexical Conceptual Structure.