the treatment of juxtapapillary retinal capillary hemangiomas (jrchs) is still a therapeutic dilemma without established guidelines. because of the location of these hemangiomas on or adjacent to the optic nerve, treatment is difficult and complex, especially when jrchs are located in the papillomacular bundle. this manuscript reviews the clinically relevant data on literature regarding the tre...

Importance. There is a conflict about the content of the macular folds in nanophthalmic eyes in the literature. Our study clearly demonstrated that papillomacular folds seen in nanophthalmos or posterior microphthalmos were only composed of neurosensory retina without involvement of retinal pigment epithelium and choroid. Observations. This is a report of two consecutive nanophthalmic patients ...

BACKGROUND We report a case of choroiditis during dengue fever. RESULTS A 35-year-old female presented with blurring of vision during dengue fever. Her fundus examination revealed yellow deep choroidal lesions at right macula, multiple small, yellowish subretinal macular dots along papillomacular bundle, and hyperemic disc. There was a small retinal hemorrhage at temporal margin of disc. The ...

Peripapillar and nerve head vessel density (VD) was measured in 10 patients affected by Dominant optic atrophy (DOA) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and compared to the measurements of 15 age- and gender-matched controls. DOA patients showed VD reduction, mostly in the temporal and inferotemporal peripapillary sectors, according to the preferential involvement of the papi...

We report optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in a 48 years old man with Leber’s idiopathic stellate neuroretinitis. Ophthalmoscopy of the right eye revealed serous retinal detachment (SRD) and marked hard exudates in the papillomacular region. Imaging with OCT revealed an accumulation of fluid in the outer nuclear layer (ONL), the outer plexiform layer (OPL) and the inner nuclear layer...

Microphthalmos is an ocular abnormality of the eye in which all tissues are significantly smaller than normal. It is subdivided into two categories as simple and complex microphthalmos. The complex type is associated with several ocular abnormalities (1). Posterior microphthalmos is another subtype of microphthalmos which is characterized by normal or near normal anterior segment dimensions, ye...

 In this paper, we aresupposed to introduce the definitions of n-fold commutative, andimplicative hyper K-ideals. These definitions are thegeneralizations of the definitions of commutative, andimplicative hyper K-ideals, respectively, which have been definedin [12]. Then we obtain some related results. In particular wedetermine the relationships between n-fold implicative hyperK-ideal and n-fol...