Since it was first shown (Papanicolaou and Traut, 1941) that the cytological examination of vaginal secretions could reveal unsuspected gynaecological cancer, various techniques for obtaining suitable cellular preparations have been suggested. Davis (1962) introduced the irrigation smear, using a disposable plastic pipette (cytopipette) containing a cell-preserving fluid. The fluid is ejected i...

AIM To disclose possible association between exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in generally healthy, sexually active women. METHODS This retrospective study included 74 patients (study group) who were referred for laser vaporization therapy of exophytic vulvar condyloma acuminata, and 88 asymptomatic volunteers without evidence of exophytic vulvar con...

www.aafp.org/afp VOLUME 64, NUMBER 5 / SEPTEMBER 1, 2001 have the greatest impact on decreasing morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer. The remaining 30 percent of cervical cancers result from errors in sampling and interpretation. Examples of such errors include incomplete sampling of the transformation zone, a poorly prepared slide with drying artifact or clumping of cells, and failure ...

Nine hundred Tennessee-based internists, family physicians, and obstetrician-gynecologists were randomly selected and surveyed to identify Papanicolaou smear cell recovery methods used in their practices. This 16-item survey also requested typical laboratory reporting procedures on Papanicolaous smears. The most frequently reported cell sampling technique was the combination cotton-tipped appli...

Cervical cancer is the second prevalent malignant cancer among women in the world (Parkin & Bray, 2006). The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is essential for early detection and timely treatment of cervical cancer, and reducing the progress of the disease and its mortality in women (Blackman et al., 1999). Annual Pap smear is recommended for sexually active females (Fink, 1988). Despite the advantages...

BACKGROUND Attitudes toward cervical cancer and participation in early detection and screening services are well known to be profoundly affected by cultural beliefs and norms. PURPOSE This study explored the attitudes and sociocultural beliefs on cervical cancer screening among Malaysian women. METHOD In this qualitative study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 Malaysian women, age...

© 2013 Harborside Press® Fifty years ago in the United States, the leading cause of cancer death among women was cervical carcinoma. With the advent of the Papanicolaou (Pap) test in 1945, mortality from this malignancy declined more than 70% (Datta et al., 2008; Spitzer, 2007). An annual Pap smear was the recommended guideline for many years. New cervical cancer guidelines were released by the...

CONTEXT More than half of the women diagnosed as having cervical cancer in the United States have not been screened within the last 3 years, despite many having had contact with the health care system. In many other regions of the world, there is only limited access to cervical cancer screening. OBJECTIVE To determine whether testing of self-collected vaginal swabs for human papillomavirus (H...

Since cervical cancer screening with the Papanicolaou smear has become widespread, the incidence of invasive cervical cancer in developed countries has dramatically decreased. At the same time, the detection of cervical dysplasia has dramatically increased. Diagnosis, management, and follow-up of preinvasive cervical lesions are now a major public health challenge. With teens becoming sexually ...