weather and an increase in rare extreme events will have a negative effect on coffee production and the millions of farmers and their families which depend on the crop for their livelihoods. Most of these smallholder farmers live on the edge of viable existence, and any unpredictable change in circumstances can push them into poverty. " In a separate effort supported by Earthwatch, the Institut...

This paper briefly surveys areas of paleoclimate modeling notable for recent progress. New ideas, including hypotheses giving a pivotal role to sea ice, have revitalized the low-order models used to simulate the time evolution of glacial cycles through the Pleistocene, a prohibitive length of time for comprehensive general circulation models (GCMs). In a recent breakthrough, however, GCMs have ...