Objective: To determine the frequency of the C3435T; a single nucleotide polymorphism of the ABCB1 gene for the first time in Pakistani population and compare it with the data available from other populations. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Sampling was carried out at Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from August 2012 to May 2013 and institute of Biomed...

BACKGROUND Genetic predisposition to psoriasis, an inflammatory skin disease affecting 0·2-4% of the world population, is well established. Thus far, 41 psoriasis susceptibility loci reach genome-wide significance (P ≤ 5 × 10(-8) ). Identification of genetic susceptibility loci in diverse populations will help understand the underlying biology of psoriasis susceptibility. OBJECTIVES The prima...

In two national surveys of tuberculosis notifications in England conducted in 1978/79 and 1983 the estimated annual notification rates for the Indian subcontinent (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi) ethnic groups were considerably higher than the rate for the white ethnic group. The mean annual decline in rates between the surveys appeared to be greater for the Indian and the Pakistani and Ban...

Introduction. Pakistani population has a very rich anthrogeneological background with waves of migration from neighboring regions. Incidence rates of breast and ovarian cancer in Pakistan are on such a rapid rise that it is necessary to check the contributory factors, genetic and nongenetic. An insight into the prevalence data emphasizes the formulation of a BRCA1 and BRCA2 database for the Pak...

AIMS To determine the percentage of children and young adults who are obese or overweight within different ethnic and socioeconomic groups. METHODS Secondary analysis of data on 5689 children and young adults aged 2-20 years from the 1999 Health Survey for England. RESULTS Twenty three per cent of children (n = 1311) were overweight, of whom 6% (n = 358) were obese. More girls than boys wer...

Between 1980 and 1982 the incidence of tuberculosis in Bradford Health Authority was approximately 20 times higher among the New Commonwealth and Pakistani population than the rest of the population. It was also possible to see a clustering of cases within this time period, spatially and demographically--in certain age groups and by sex. The difference between the two populations was not due to...

BACKGROUND Safety of blood donors rest on withdrawing only appropriate quantities of blood. Adjusting the volumes drawn according to the average blood volumes of any population can ensure this. This requires knowledge of total blood volume of donors, which should ideally be measured by standard methods or derived by alternate suitable method. This observational, cross sectional study was undert...

Gynaecomastia has an overall incidence of 32 to 40%.1 The highest prevalaence is found in old age and up to 65% in men.2 The breast tissue growth is dependent on the balance between the oestrogens and androgens; thus any physiological or pathological factor that can interfere with this balance, can result in gynaecomastia.2 Physiologically, it can be neonatal, pubertal or senile. Pathologically...

CYP2D6 is an important enzyme mediating phase I metabolic reactions and is involved in metabolism of 20-25% of the clinically useful drugs. High frequency of polymorphism in CYP2D6 gene has resulted in the categorization of individuals as poor, intermediate, extensive and ultra-rapid metabolisers of CYP2D6 substrate drugs. The CYP2D6 polymorphism significantly affects the pharmacokinetic profil...